Tag: Veterinary

  • Is Vitamin C for Puppies Good or Bad?

    Is Vitamin C for Puppies Good or Bad?

    In the world of puppy care, the practice of giving vitamin C to treat knuckling or carpal laxity has been a long-standing tradition. However, some veterinary journals suggest that this practice may be outdated and potentially harmful. This article aims to provide a thorough examination of the history, pros and cons, dosing information, and recommendations for pet owners considering vitamin C supplementation for their puppies.

    This blog is especially important for those who own large or giant breed puppies such as Great Danes, as they are particularly susceptible to growth disorders affecting their orthopedic structure for life!

    In this blog we will discuss:

    • Vitamin C as a treatment for puppy knuckling
    • The health benefits of Vitamin C for puppies
    • New research on bone health and optimal nutrition
    • The cons of giving Vitamin C to puppies
    • Which form of Vitamin C to choose, if you use it
    • Vitamin C dosing for Puppies
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    Are Vitamin C Supplements Beneficial for Puppies?

    A quick Google search turns up countless blog posts on this topic, but few answers are backed by legitimate science and research.

    The tradition of administering vitamin C to puppies stems from a belief in its potential benefits for joint health, particularly in large and giant breeds. Vitamin C plays a key role in collagen production and may play a supportive role in joint health. Proponents also believe that it can boost the immune system and act as an anti-inflammatory.

    To further understand if that is beneficial, it’s helpful to know how Vitamin C works for dogs in the first place.

    Dogs synthesize Vitamin C in their liver, all on their own, creating around 18mg of Vitamin C for every pound of their body weight.

    In other words, it is extremely unlikely for a dog to be deficient in Vitamin C, because they make it themselves.

    Can Dogs Get Scurvy?

    Scurvy is a condition caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, which plagued pirates and travelers who spent extended periods at sea without access to fresh fruits and vegetables.

    The link between citrus fruits and scurvy prevention in humans was discovered in the 18th century by James Lind, a Scottish naval surgeon.

    While it’s theoretically possible for dogs to experience scurvy, the likelihood is exceedingly low, thanks to their natural ability to produce vitamin C without relying on dietary supplements. In this way, dogs and cats differ from humans!

    If a dog is suffering from symptoms that mimic or could be scurvy, veterinary diagnostics are needed to sort out the root cause of the deficiency.

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    Carpal Laxity Knuckling and Vitamin C Supplementation

    Many pet owners administer vitamin C to their puppies with the belief, rooted in the practices of breeders and fellow pet owners, that it can prevent or even address the issue of puppies knuckling over.

    Carpal Laxity, commonly known as “knuckling over,” occurs when a puppy undergoes rapid growth that outpaces the development of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Consequently, the feet may either knuckle over or lose support at the ankle and toe joints and fall flat.

    This condition is understandably alarming to pet parents! It can also be common, especially among young large and giant breed dogs during their explosive growth stages.

    Breeders and enthusiasts frequently recommend Vitamin C as a preventive or treatment measure for this condition. However, the question remains: is this practice genuinely beneficial, or is it rooted in anecdotal beliefs?

    I’m not convinced it’s something we should be doing for every dog. It may be a harmful practice! Let’s dive into this.

    The Dangers of Over-Supplementation in Pet Diets

    Excessive supplementation in pet diets poses significant risks to the health and well-being of our furry companions.

    While certain vitamins and minerals are essential for their proper growth and development, an overdose can lead to adverse effects. Over-supplementation, whether intentional or unintentional, may result in toxicity, causing symptoms ranging from digestive issues to more severe complications such as organ damage.

    While some argue that over-supplementation merely leads to “expensive pee,” the reality is that at times it can translate to costly veterinary bills.

    For example, there is a reason that excess vitamin D in pet food has resulted in multiple recalls from pet food companies (including Hill’s, Fromm, Simply Nourish, and others). Excess vitamin D is toxic to dogs.

    Just because something is “natural” and sounds healthy, doesn’t mean that it is.

    Is Too Much Vitamin C Toxic For Dogs?

    Vitamin C does act as an ANTI-oxidant. Antioxidants prevent cell damage, and that’s a wonderful benefit.

    However, according to the veterinarians at Tufts University, excess Vitamin C (too much of it) will have the opposite effect.

    When given in large amounts, Vitamin C can become a PRO-oxidant! Instead of fighting oxidation, it begins to promote oxidation and thus, lead to cell damage.

    (Read more about Vitamin C and cell damage in this article from Tufts University HERE).

    What I’m trying to get at here is that the blind practice of giving large and giant breed puppies Vitamin C as a “preventative” may be misguided and worse, damaging.

    Of course, one data point on this topic isn’t enough. I want to see the research! So I dug some more.

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    Cons of Vitamin C for Puppies Joint Health

    In my research, I found four additional problems with giving puppies high levels of vitamin C!

    Calcium Oxalate Stones

    When the body has an abundance of vitamin C, it metabolizes into oxalate, a compound that, when combined with calcium, can lead to the development of these stones in the urinary tract.

    Calcium Oxalate Stones pose a serious health concern for dogs, as they can obstruct urinary passages, causing discomfort, pain, and potential complications.

    Chronic Loose Stools & Digestive Upset

    When provided more than their body needs, abundant vitamin C can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach discomfort, or vomiting.

    Advocates for providing puppies with high levels of vitamin C often suggest resolving potential digestive issues by dividing the dose across multiple meals. Yet, considering the inherent sensitivity of puppy stomachs and the prevalence of chronic digestive problems in many young pups, one may question the wisdom of this practice.

    A lot of pet owners modify their puppies’ diet and incorporate various home remedies into their food to address persistent loose stools and stomach upset. In many of these cases, the culprit behind these issues might have been Vitamin C.

    Excess Calcium in the Blood

    Here is where things become sticky. Science tells us, without question, that excess calcium is damaging to puppies’ bones and joints as they grow. Calcium is an incredibly important mineral that is necessary for bone growth and health, but too much is devastating.

    This is a big reason we advocate for using WSAVA-compliant food brands that control their foods’ calcium and phosphorus levels very well.

    Large and giant breed puppies should receive no more than 3.5g per 1000 kCal of calcium in their diet. For most foods, that means the calcium needs to be at 1.2% or less, with phosphorus closely matched.

    Studies have shown that puppies with an excess of calcium in their bloodstream are highly prone to developing profoundly abnormal joints as they grow.

    One study showed that giving Ascorbic Acid to puppies that were suffering from HOD (hypertrophic osteodystrophy) correlated with an increase in their calcium levels.

    For puppies already experiencing the effects of over-nutrition and high calcium from their diet, vitamin C made it worse.

    Overnutrition and Rapid Growth

    Rapid growth and hasty bone modeling are significant indicators of potential orthopedic issues in large and giant breed puppies. The long-term effects of their puppy diet become evident, particularly in adulthood.

    It’s logical to assume that doubling or even tripling the quantity of a specific nutrient in the diet can lead to issues. The intricate process of tissue, bone, cartilage, and tendon creation is highly susceptible to negative influences when the body receives improper nutrition.

    Amino acids, vitamins, and minerals all play pivotal roles in the functions of growth, bone mineralization, and modeling. What’s more, they all work together. Some cannot function without the other.

    Excessive amounts of any of these key elements may have adverse effects, no matter how ‘nice’ and ‘harmless’ a simple nutrient (such as vitamin C) may sound.

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    Do Puppies Excrete Excess Vitamin C?

    Faced with this information, many individuals argue that animals, including humans, will excrete the excess Vitamin C through urine, suggesting that over-supplementation poses no problem.

    The belief here is often guided by the notion of “no harm, no foul.” This notion is often reinforced by the anecdotal favorite response of “Well, my dogs were given this, and they are perfectly fine.

    While it’s true that some portion of the excess is eliminated through urine, particularly for vitamins with low bioavailability that won’t be effectively absorbed or utilized, we must acknowledge that over-supplementation has been proven to cause certain conditions.

    This raises the question of “when is it too much?”

    Irrespective of the dosage, there are established conditions linked to the excessive intake of vitamins, even those considered “safe”, like vitamin C.

    Every pet owner should conduct a risk-benefit analysis to ensure informed decision-making.

    If over-dosing could easily lead to cell damage, urinary stones, and an excess of calcium in the blood, it raises questions about whether Vitamin C is as beneficial a supplement as it was once believed to be.

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    Does Vitamin C Prevent Hip Dysplasia in Dogs?

    The role of Vitamin C in preventing hip dysplasia in dogs is not conclusively supported by scientific evidence.

    I’m sorry to say, but it just isn’t. There are thousands upon thousands of veterinary studies, journals, and research out there and there isn’t anything supporting the use of Vitamin C as a preventative for hip dysplasia or any other bone growth disorder.

    Genetic factors, nutrition, and proper care play crucial roles in hip dysplasia prevention.

    Similar to most bone growth disorders such as Panosteitis, knuckling over, HOD, Retained Cartilage Cores, etc., the development of these conditions is frequently influenced by excess calcium and over-nutrition.

    Hip dysplasia is genetically linked, and dogs with a predisposition are potentially at an even greater risk when exposed to preventable environmental factors.

    In my research on Vitamin C supplements for puppies, I’ve discovered that providing excessive amounts may have adverse effects. Puppies given an excess of vitamin C may experience elevated levels of calcium, which can be detrimental. Read more from the Vet Chick, HERE.

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    Does Vitamin C Prevent or Treat Knuckling Over in Puppies?

    If you’ve made it this far into my article here, you probably realize what I am going to say.

    Chances are, no.

    Observations regarding the potential effects of Vitamin C treatment on puppy knuckling are anecdotal and rooted in correlation rather than established causation.

    For example, if a puppy never experiences a growth problem (such as carpal laxity), a pet owner or breeder may believe that the supplementation of Vitamin C has played a role in its prevention.

    In a different example, a puppy exhibiting knuckling over may have shown rapid improvement upon the addition of vitamin C to its diet. It would be easy to believe that Vitamin C had resulted in the improvement.

    However, other contributing factors such as alterations in the diet fed, reduced overall stress levels, a better feeding routine, the puppy maturing out of it naturally, and improved practices in caring for the puppy’s joints, likely played a role in the observed recovery.

    Considering that a genuine diagnosis of scurvy is highly improbable for dogs, it becomes evident that vitamin C deficiency is not the root cause of the symptoms. If it’s not the underlying cause, the question arises: why is it being employed as a preventative or treatment?

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    Are There Benefits to Giving Vitamin C to Puppies?

    There can be some benefits to vitamin C supplementation, yes!

    It is well understood that while dogs make their vitamin C in their livers, their reserves of it may be depleted by stressful events such as extreme exercise (sled dogs and greyhound racing, for example), changes in the home environment (new home, leaving the litter), and medical procedures (including ear cropping).

    Nevertheless, since the advantages of supplementing in these scenarios lack conclusive evidence, such practices may serve little more than to provide a sense of reassurance for the pet parent.

    It’s important to highlight one study that found giving racing greyhounds vitamin C had the opposite effect as desired. It slowed them down!

    For me, the combination of a lack of scientific proof, paired with numerous data points showing the potential problems, makes me question the practice of giving puppies Vitamin C supplements.

    With an appropriate diet and adequate care at home or in a veterinary environment, dogs can effectively replenish their depleted vitamin C levels on their own.

    Does Vitamin C Prevent Cancer in Dogs

    Some research has shown that vitamin C may have a positive effect on cancer prevention and outcomes. However, this has not yet become well understood, nor has it been well replicated in human (or dog) models.

    Many researchers speculate, based on their studies, that the role of Vitamin C in cancer prevention will ultimately be disappointing. In other words, it is unlikely to be more beneficial and less harmful than other therapies and treatments.

    Practitioners in alternative medicine frequently advocate for the use of vitamins, including Vitamin C, in preventing health conditions, despite limited evidence supporting their effectiveness. It’s not uncommon for them to position things like Vitamin C as a magical cure-all with numerous benefits.

    This creates a challenge in distinguishing between factual information and speculation, as opinions within this field often diverge and contradict each other.

    While Vitamin C may have some potential benefits in cancer prevention, it’s important to recognize that it’s unlikely to be a miraculous cure-all.

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    What is the Best Form of Vitamin C to Give Puppies?

    The best form of Vitamin C for puppies is a nutritious diet.

    I’m not kidding! If you are feeding a well-balanced, nutritious diet formulated for large or giant breed growth, that’s all your puppy needs. (For information on recommendations for feeding large and giant breed puppies, read here).

    If you want to provide nutritious foods that contain vitamin C, consider offering fresh, whole foods as a boost instead of commercially available Vitamin C supplements. Adding fresh foods to the diet can have other benefits, too, such as increasing fiber intake and reducing the risk of bloat.

    Some examples of dog-safe foods that contain vitamin C include:

    Remember to keep healthy toppers like this to less than 10% of the diet, or less than 5% of the diet if under the age of 8-12 months.

    This is important because your pet needs balanced nutrition to support their overall health; too many extras can cause problems with the intake of other important nutrients, amino acids, and minerals.

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    Final Verdict – Is Vitamin C Beneficial?

    I don’t think it’s the most harmful practice, but I’m not convinced it’s necessary or truly helpful, either.

    Having now read some of the actual research in-depth myself, I will not be giving Vitamin C supplements to future puppies. Many veterinarians would agree with me; a lot of them consider this practice outdated and without merit.

    Millions of people have given their big pups up to 1500mg/day of Vitamin C and seem to have suffered no ill effects. However, how can we know for sure? We don’t, and that mystery is what gives me pause.

    Depending on the pup’s current weight at dosing, 1500mg can be 2-4x what their body produces, and needs, naturally.

    The form of Vitamin C used can affect how much is used in the body, too. Esther C is commonly seen as the most bioavailable form; however, it includes calcium. We know unnecessary and additional calcium in the diet is damaging.

    In assessing all of that, I’ve come to realize that it may just not be worth the money or the potential risk. We have no legitimate or scientific proof that Vitamin C supplements do much at all to help with certain conditions (such as knuckling over and dysplasia) and plenty of proof that it may be harmful.

    Do you believe that large and giant breed puppies should always receive vitamin C supplementation in their diet? Leave a comment below!

  • 5 Ways to Prevent Bloat in Dogs

    5 Ways to Prevent Bloat in Dogs

    Bloat is no joke, and the stakes are higher when you’re dealing with larger breeds. So, grab a cup of coffee, get cozy, and let’s chat about how we can proactively ensure our big buddies steer clear of this deadly condition! No fluff, just the stuff that matters.

    In this topic, I’m covering 5 ways to prevent bloat in big dogs.

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    What is Bloat in Dogs?

    Bloat, scientifically known as gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV), is like the canine version of a stomach nightmare. Picture this: your big, lovable goofball is happily going about the day when suddenly, things take a twist – literally.

    The stomach fills up with gas, fluid, or air, causing it to swell like a balloon. That’s not even the worst part. That inflated stomach can twist on itself, cutting off blood supply and playing havoc with your pup’s well-being and internal organs.

    It’s a serious medical emergency, and our oversized companions are particularly prone to it.

    It is believed that around 20% of dogs over 100 lbs will experience this in their lifetime. That’s 1 in 5!

    So, in a nutshell, bloat is the kind of party we want to avoid in the doggy digestive system. Stay with me, folks – we’re just scratching the surface.

    What Are The Signs that a Dog is Bloating?

    If you are at all concerned that your dog is bloating, you must visit a veterinarian ASAP. Mere minutes can be the difference between life and death, even if your pet has had a gastropexy (more on this later).

    Here are the signs of bloat in dogs:

    • Swollen Belly: Keep an eye out for a rapidly expanding midsection, a sure sign something’s amiss.
    • Unproductive Vomiting: If Fido’s trying to vomit but nothing’s coming up, it’s a red flag.
    • Restlessness: Excessive pacing, unable to find a comfy spot – a sign of discomfort.
    • Excessive Drooling: More slobber than usual can signal a problem in the belly department.
    • Difficulty Breathing: Labored breathing or rapid panting – breathing should never be a struggle.
    • Pale Gums: Check those gums – if they’re losing color, it’s time to act fast.
    • Collapse: In severe cases, your buddy might collapse – an emergency.
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    1. Keep Your Pup Happy to Prevent GDV

    Statistically speaking, anxious, nervous, and aggressive dogs are more likely to bloat. Regarding the risk of bloating in our colossal canines, temperament plays a surprising role.

    Why is this? A confident pet tends to keep the digestive system in harmony, while the anxious types might unknowingly set the stage for gastric drama.

    Think about a time when you were nervous. Did you get the classic symptoms of “bubble gut”? Anxiety causes digestive issues in humans and pets!

    Anxious, fearful, and aggressive dogs tend to gulp their meals down. This is a form of stress that may increase their risk of bloat.

    Here are some common sense ways to reduce stress, anxiety, and aggression in your pet:

    1. Choose Good Breeders: Temperament is largely genetic. Nervous, flighty, anxious, and aggressive dogs often receive these traits from their parents.
    2. Routine Rules: Dogs love a schedule. Stick to regular feeding times, walks, and play – predictability is their happy place.
    3. Cozy Safe Spots: Create a haven where your pet can retreat when the world feels overwhelming. A comfy bed or cozy corner works wonders.
    4. Exercise Galore: A tired dog is a happy dog. Regular walks and playtime help burn off excess energy and keep anxiety at bay.
    5. Positive Reinforcement: Reward good behavior with treats and affection. Positive reinforcement goes a long way in building a chilled-out attitude. Ditch the outdated intimidation-based training methods that instill fear.
    6. Gentle Introductions: Socialize smartly. Gradual introductions to new people, pets, and environments can prevent stress-triggered meltdowns.
    7. Mind Games: Keep those brains buzzing with puzzle toys and games. Mental stimulation is a secret weapon against boredom-induced anxiety.
    8. Consistent Rules: Be clear on the rules and stick to them. Consistency breeds confidence, reducing uncertainty and stress.
    9. Calming Aids: Consider natural calming aids like pheromone diffusers or calming music during anxious times.
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    2. Prevent Bloat in Dogs by Managing Meal Times

    Managing meals and feeding habits is a key to bloat prevention in dogs.

    Your dog should not consider mealtime a speed-eating contest! Encourage slow, stress-free meal times by offering more frequent meals and feeding from puzzles and slow feeder bowls.

    I love this stainless steel slow feeder because it holds 4 cups and can be properly washed and sanitized (so you prevent chin acne). The Kong Wobbler is also a huge hit in our house! It’s easy to fill, fun to use and only allows the dog to eat a few kibbles at a time.

    Discourage your big dog from inhaling their meals. If you have a dog that also tends to resource guard food (snarling, growling, and snapping), manage the environment to prevent that behavior and the anxiety that comes with it.

    Never feed a single large meal, as it increases the risk of bloat. We recommend offering 2-3 meals/day instead.

    Because big dogs tend to have sensitive digestive systems, you may find that slow eating and more frequent meals help resolve chronic loose stools, too!

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    3. Surprising New Science – Movement After Meals is Good!

    It’s long been promoted that large and giant breed dogs should rest before and after meals to prevent bloat. It turns out, this might be nothing more than an old wives tale! Worse, resting after meals may have the opposite effect than intended.

    A fascinating discovery has emerged that challenges conventional wisdom—movement after meals may play a crucial role in preventing bloat

    While the subject is still under scrutiny, early findings suggest that moderate exercise following meals could aid in reducing the risk of bloat by as much as 50%.

    It’s important to approach this evolving insight with cautious optimism, acknowledging the need for further research to solidify these claims.

    However, I believe this makes a lot of sense. After a big meal, a lot of people will move or walk. This helps the digestive system do its job and move things along. We want our dogs to digest their food, not have it hang out in their stomach pulling on their gastric ligaments.

    Rest doesn’t prevent bloat, no matter how much people want to believe it does. Most dogs who present to the veterinarian with bloat/GDV were resting when symptoms began.

    Take a common sense approach to this. Don’t run a marathon after a large meal, but there is no need to lock down all movement, either.

    This article from Tufts University talks about how movement after meals can reduce the risk of bloat, and it’s worth a read!

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    4. Meat Meals & Fresh Foods to Reduce Bloat in Dogs

    Research shows that feeding kibble with rendered meat or bone meal as a main ingredient can reduce the risk of bloat. It is also believed that adding canned or fresh foods to the diet plays a key role!

    You can read more about that research HERE.

    In the pursuit of promoting optimal health for Great Danes and other large-breed dogs, the choice of diet emerges as a critical factor.

    For example, Royal Canin Giant Breed dog food was researched and developed to reduce the risk of bloat in dogs over 100 lbs. It is a formula based on a rendered meat and bone meal, with large kibble pieces that encourage slow eating.

    Here are links to other foods that are recommended for feeding large and giant breed dogs. Look for a named meat meal in the ingredients list!

    Canned foods and fresh foods can also be added to the diet to promote good digestion and health. While the exact mechanism behind this is unknown, studies do show that dogs fed only kibble are at a higher risk of bloat.

    When adding fresh foods, stick to the 90/10 rule. Unbalanced foods must make up 10% or less of the diet. For dogs under age two, 5% or less is a safer ratio.

    Most canned food is balanced, so it can make up a larger portion of the overall intake. Just Food for Dogs is also a great way to add fresh foods that are balanced!

    For fresh options straight from your kitchen, consider the following:

    • Carrots (I love to give my dogs Olewo Carrots!)
    • Blueberries
    • Sweet Potatoes
    • Apples (without seeds)
    • Spinach
    • Pumpkin
    • Green Beans
    • Broccoli (in moderation)
    • Watermelon (seedless)
    • Plain cooked chicken
    • Salmon (cooked, boneless, and without seasoning)
    • Plain yogurt (in moderation, use sparingly for dogs under the age of 2)

    It may be tempting to overdo it with the beautiful fresh foods or to even go all in and start making your pet food in your kitchen. However, we caution heavily against doing this. Most home-cooked diets are nutritionally deficient (or worse, dangerously high in certain minerals and vitamins). This will lead to more health problems than it helps! Read here for more information on homecooked food for dogs.

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    5. Gastropexy & Bloat in Big Dogs

    Gastropexy is the single proven method for reducing complications associated with bloat in dogs.

    A “Pexy” refers to a surgical procedure in which the stomach is affixed to the abdominal wall. This simple stomach tack serves as a preventive measure against bloat, preventing the stomach from potentially flipping over, a condition known as torsion.

    When performed by a skilled veterinarian, this minor yet life-saving procedure aligns with statistically improved outcomes for larger dog breeds, making it a prudent choice for their well-being.

    While the procedure may not eliminate the possibility of bloat, it significantly lowers the chances of torsion, providing peace of mind for both dog owners and their beloved, large canine companions. Veterinarians who work in emergency medicine overwhelmingly support this procedure, which should be done at 18-24 months of age.

    Consulting with a veterinarian about the potential benefits of gastropexy for specific breeds and individual dogs is always advisable.

    It is typically done during routine spay and neuter or dental cleaning surgeries. Work with an experienced veterinarian who has done the procedure many times!

    No matter what, always listen to your veterinarian. Enjoy your pet and don’t stress! Bloat is going to happen or it’s not, it’s much more important to know the signs of dog bloat and be ready with emergency funds to treat it.

    Unfortunately, you can do everything right and still have a dog experience bloat. Don’t beat yourself up, and don’t stress. Dog’s lives are short compared to ours, and we must enjoy them while they are here with us!

    Leave a comment below! Has your dog experienced bloat?

  • The Great Picky Eater Dog Remedy

    The Great Picky Eater Dog Remedy

    Dealing with picky eating is a common challenge for dog owners. Many dogs have their own unique preferences and may turn their noses up at certain foods, making mealtime a frustrating experience. But, the Great Picky Eater Dog Remedy may not be what you think!

    While it’s essential to rule out underlying health issues with the guidance of a veterinarian, picky eating in dogs often stems from behavioral or environmental factors.

    In this article, we will explore various (free!) remedies and strategies to address picky eating habits in your canine companion, ensuring they receive the nutrition they need and enjoy their meals once again.

    Why do dogs get picky about food?

    Before we can understand how to fix picky eating in our pets, we have to understand why dogs are picky in the first place.

    Just like humans, dogs can develop discerning palates and preferences for certain higher value flavors and textures. That doesn’t mean they should be eating filet mignon every day anymore than we should be eating shrimp scampi, but many pet parents address this behavior by giving their dogs tasty treats and toppers (more on this common mistake below!).

    If a dog has been given table scraps or high-value treats frequently, they may hold out for these more enticing options instead of their regular kibble.

    Environmental factors, such as changes in routine, feeding location, or food type, can also contribute to pickiness. Changes in their rate of growth can affect their appetite, too.

    Additionally, some dogs may become picky eaters as a result of health issues, dental problems, or food allergies, which can make eating a less enjoyable experience.

    Causes of picky eating in dogs

    To keep this simple, I’m breaking down the causes of picky eating in dogs into three main categories:

    a. Learned Behavior. Examples of this include dogs who won’t eat unless you add broth, chicken, eggs, or other tasty treats to the bowl, or dogs that voraciously eat a new brand of kibble but lose interest after a few days.

    b. Health Problem. These dogs have underlying health issues that make them picky. Examples include dental problems, digestive upset, and obstructions.

    c. The Dog is Full. A lot of people overfeed their dogs, and don’t realize that the ‘pickness’ is actually a symptom of the fact that their dog simply doesn’t want, or need, more food. (Read HERE about pet obesity).

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    What are symptoms of picky eating in dogs?

    Dogs that are “picky eaters” will turn their nose up at their food bowl, at times choosing to not eat for several meals at a time.

    However, because there are often environmental (training) and physical (health) problems at play, it’s very important that dog owners not immediately jump to the conclusion that the dog is being “stubborn”.

    As a matter of fact, barring legitimate health concerns, nine times out of the ten the dog is playing a game. It’s not that they are picky, it’s that they’ve learned how to get YOU as the pet parent to flip out.

    Behavioral vs. Health Reasons for Picky Eating

    Before you can address picky eating, you have to figure out which dog you have.

    Ask yourself the following questions:

    • Has my dog finished a recent growth spurt? (May not need more food)
    • Is my puppy close to adult size? (Doesn’t need as much food as before)
    • Is my female dog about to go into heat (Hormones can influence appetite)
    • Has there been any stressful changes in our routine or home? (Stress can reduce food intake)
    • Is my dog comfortable in their eating environment?
    • Is the food and water bowl clean/sanitary?
    • Has my dog been seen by the veterinarian, and are they free of parasites?
    • Does my dog have diarrhea or other tummy upset?
    • Has my dog had a full dental in the last year? (Bad teeth are a common cause of picky eating)
    • Do I often respond to picky eating by adding toppers or changing food? (Common! We will dig into this below)

    To determine if a dog’s picky eating habits are driven by environmental or behavioral factors, it’s crucial to observe their feeding patterns and the context surrounding their meals.

    If a dog consistently eats well in certain circumstances but not in others, environmental factors might be at play. However, if the picky behavior persists in all situations and appears to be tied to their interactions with the owner or specific food preferences, behavioral factors may be more likely.

    Be honest with yourself: identifying the root cause is the first step in addressing picky eating and finding effective solutions.

    Why do some dogs not lick the bowl clean?

    We don’t actually want our dogs scrambling to eat with excitement and licking the bowl clean! As a matter of fact, this is the opposite of a desirable behavior around food.

    A lot of dogs are considered ‘picky’ when the truth is, they are simply mild-mannered and calm about their food. This is a good thing!

    We want our dogs bored with their meals because:

    • It reduces bloat risk (slow, stress free eating is healthier)
    • It reduces obesity risk (dogs should stop eating when they are full)

    Save the excitement for training treats, instead.

    7-18 month old picky puppies

    Puppyhood is a time of rapid growth and development, and around the age range of 7 to 18 months (depending on size), many puppies may exhibit picky eating habits.

    There are several factors that contribute to this phase of finicky eating, and the worst thing you can do at this point is to switch foods or start throwing tasty toppers into your dog’s food bowl.

    Changes in activity levels and metabolism as they mature can impact their appetite. As a general rule, fully grown dogs eat less per pound than puppies! At some point, your teenage pup just won’t need as much food. That’s not pickiness.

    Understanding that this is a phase in their development should help alleviate any concerns that you have.

    Providing patience, maintaining a consistent feeding schedule, and offering a high-quality, balanced diet are essential to help puppies through this picky eating phase and ensure they grow up healthy and strong. We recommend feeding dry diets that meet WSAVA guidelines.

    Picky eater dog remedy

    The Great Picky Eater Dog Remedy: Solving Pickiness in Dogs

    Assuming that your dog is “picky” for behavioral reasons and not health ones, this section is for you!

    Editors note: if you suspect ANY kind of health problem that may cause a dog to not eat, see your veterinarian! Our picky eater dog remedy is only for healthy dogs who are turning their nose up at food.

    Step 1: Stop giving in! This is the hardest habit for pet parents to break. Resist the urge to change foods or top your dog’s bowl with treats and goodies. Everytime you do this, your dog learns that if they don’t eat, you will reward them with novel foods and tasty bites!

    Step 2: Feed on a schedule. Offer food 2-3 times per day (your choice). Put the food down (remember, don’t make it fancy…balanced food only) and give your pup 10 minutes to eat. Set a timer and walk away! If your dog does not eat, come back and pick the bowl up. Do not offer food or treats until the next meal.

    Yes, this requires a little tough love.

    Step 3: Monitor intake using a kitchen scale. You may find that your dog simply doesn’t want as much food as you’ve been offering. Try cutting back a little bit and reducing your expectations for how much they need.

    If you stick to this process, it should only take a week before your dog stops playing a game waiting for you to offer new food or treats. Don’t give in!

    Troubleshooting: tips and tricks to encourage healthy eating habits

    What if my dog is bored of their food?

    The myth that dogs get bored with their food is a common misconception among pet owners. While it’s true that dogs, like humans, can enjoy variety in their diet, they don’t experience boredom with their food in the same way we might. This isn’t even something to be concerned about.

    Can I incorporate fresh or canned food for health reasons?

    Absolutely! A lot of people love to add canned and fresh foods to their dogs diet. Once you have followed the steps to reduce picky eating, you can begin to thoughtfully incorporate fresh and canned foods once again.

    All unbalanced foods must be less than 10% of the diet. Instead of mixing it with the kibble, try using your fresh foods as training treats or stuffed into a TOPPL toy for enrichment (see on Amazon). Never use toppers to bribe your dog to eat.

    What if my dog refuses to eat any meals?

    If a dog refuses to eat meals for more than 2 days in a row, there is very likely to be an health issue at play and you MUST see your veterinarian. On the other hand, if your dog skips a day (or even up to two days) of meals but is otherwise energetic (especially if they will take a small treat you offer them as a test), stick it out. Do not let your dog play you!

    It’s even ok if your picky eater nibbles at the food you offer, but doesn’t eat it all. A truly healthy dog that requires no veterinary care will NOT starve themselves to death. Follow the process.

    Picky eaters losing weight

    Rarely, a dog will present with picky eating and no apparent health issues that will skip meals to the point of losing weight.

    This is not a normal healthy behavior and does require a veterinary visit. Some dogs are ‘hard keepers’ and the veterinarian can provide diet recommendations that have an appropriate balance of nutrition for dogs like this.

    In particular, some breeds (usually working breeds such as farm dogs, poodles, and malinois) don’t eat much or at times don’t eat enough; this is largely related to genetics!

    Farm dogs (Pyrenees for example) were bred to not need a lot of food. Malinois are high energy ‘buzzing’ breeds with fast metabolisms that usually require a scientifically formulated sport diet. Poodles in general are not very food motivated, because they were bred to please without food.

    Even for dogs like this, people make the same mistakes that actually encourage bad eating habits. Most dogs will not let themselves die of starvation.

    Feeding for a Healthy Body Weight in Dogs

    The issue of pet obesity is a growing concern, with a significant number of dogs being overweight or obese. I bring this up because many “picky dogs” are actually overweight and do NOT need more food.

    In the United States, for instance, it’s estimated that more than half of all dogs are overweight. This alarming trend can lead to various health problems, including joint pain, diabetes, heart disease, and a decreased life expectancy.

    To combat this issue, responsible pet owners must take action. One key step is to consult with a veterinarian to determine your dog’s ideal weight and develop a suitable diet and exercise plan. This plan should include a balanced diet with appropriate portion control, regular physical activity, and minimizing high-calorie treats.

    Unsure if your dog is overweight or not? Check out the Purina Body Condition Scoring System.

  • Bloat in Great Danes Research & the Resting After Meals Myth

    Bloat in Great Danes Research & the Resting After Meals Myth

    Bloat in Great Danes is deadly. It’s painful, dangerous, and as many as 1-in-4 Great Danes are likely to experience it in their lifetime.

    For decades now, people have cited that resting after meals would prevent bloat from happening.

    The occurrence of bloat in large and giant breed dogs has increased dramatically in the last decades, despite ‘resting after meals’ being cited as the most common preventative.

    I mean, I hate to say this…but it’s pretty clear here that resting after meals is not working.

    Not only that, but research has emerged which indicates that moderate movement after meals may actually help prevent Great Danes from developing bloat!

    In other words, have people had this all wrong? Have we actually been increasing our dogs risk of bloat by diligently resting them after meals?

    Oh…dear.

    Before we dig in, if you need a refresher on what bloat is in dogs, read HERE.

    bloat in great danes

    Does Resting After Meals Prevent Dog Stomach Bloat?

    We’ve been reading journals and publications for a while, and it’s actually fascinating to learn that there is absolutely NO research or science (that we’ve found) proving that resting after meals prevents bloat.

    As a matter of fact, I have yet to find anything that shows that it could even reduce the risk of bloat.

    Of course, if you google this, there are 100’s of blogs and social media posts, even from veterinarians, who say that large and giant breed dogs should always rest after meals.

    But none of it is backed by science, research, or data.

    It’s all anecdotal. Speculation.

    The Great Dane community has eaten this up, too. Some people are so dedicated to resting their dogs that they do so for an entire hour before meals and two hours after.

    Imagine the heartbreak when their dog experiences deadly bloat and torsion despite the caution that had been taken.

    It happens more often than you might think…

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    Should Great Danes Rest After Meals?

    We’re going to take a scientific, although controversial approach to this and make a statement that may rattle everything you think you know about keeping Great Danes safe from GDV bloat and torsion.

    The practice of resting dogs after meals to prevent bloat is hopelessly outdated and may actually contribute to higher bloat risk.

    A 2013 study, done as part of ongoing bloat research, found something alarming and interesting.

    Dogs that received moderate exercise (for example a walk or playtime) after eating were less likely to suffer from bloat!

    This is the exact opposite of what we’ve all been told for decades.

    Combing through the 2,551 questionnaire responses, what the researchers found is that moderate physical activity after eating, including playing with other dogs or “running the fence,” appears to reduce the chance for developing bloat by almost half.

    Tufts University Your Dog

    Read that again.

    Moderate exercise, including running the fence and playing, may reduce the chances of bloat by 50%!!!

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    Does Exercise Cause Bloat in Dogs?

    It’s been said for years that dogs who exercise on a full tummy can get bloat and end up at the veterinarian in dire straits. As we can see from the research, this issue isn’t quite so cut and dry.

    To further back up our claim that resting after meals is outdated and even wildly inaccurate advice, I’m looking towards another study that was done by Tufts University. (Remember, we like science here, not anecdotes).

    Several popular theories regarding bloat were not substantiated during the study. There was no correlation of bloat risk to exercise before or after eating, as most dogs bloated in the middle of the night with an empty, gas-filled stomach.

    Tufts University Bloat Research

    In other words, not only have they found that moderate exercise after eating can potentially cut bloat risk in half, they found that movement has no correlation to bloat occurring.

    Food and movement are not the enemy that they’ve been made out to be!

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    Common Sense for Bloat in Great Danes Prevention

    This is not to say that you should feed your Great Dane a big fat meal and send them off-leash on a wild adventure.

    Humans don’t like hard exercise on a super full stomach, either. Doing this can also stretch the hepatogastric ligament, which over time might increase bloat risk as a whole.

    Great Danes should never be fed single large meals. Smaller, more frequent meals are healthier.

    So let’s use some common sense here when it comes to bloat prevention in Great Danes and other large or giant breed dogs.

    Feed a normal sized meal (we recommend 2-3 meals each day) and then let your dog be a dog.

    Because bloat risk is affected by many factors, I’ll outline some other (science-backed) risk reduction techniques below.

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    How to Prevent Bloat in Great Danes

    Prevention is a misnomer. You cannot prevent it from occurring. You can, however, drastically reduce the chance that your Great Dane has bloat or dies from it.

    Bloat in Great Danes are influenced by three major factors: genetics, temperament, and gut health.

    All Great Danes are at risk. However, Great Danes with the highest risk of getting (and dying from) bloat include Danes that:

    • Have a 1st degree relative that got bloat
    • Are timid, unsure, flighty, aggressive, nippy, anxious, or unstable
    • Have poor gut health, including chronic loose stools or IBD
    • Are fed only a dry-kibble diet and no fresh or canned foods
    • Are fed a low quality kibble diet that does not contain rendered meat meal
    • Have DCM and/or are fed a diet that contains a lot of peas, garbanzo beans, lentils, potatoes, or chickpeas (which increases their risk of DCM and dramatically lowers the chance of successful outcomes)
    • Are fed from raised bowls (above mid-chest height)
    • Are fed single, large meals
    • Eat their food quickly
    • Have not had a Gastropexy

    If you want to reduce the chance that your dog bloats, go down the high-risk check list above and remove as many factors as possible. We’ll outline more of this below.

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    Bloat GDV Risk Reduction

    Let’s dig into this a little further!

    It’s critically important when purchasing a Great Dane puppy from a breeder that your breeder can prove that the pedigree is free of bloat, DCM, and unstable temperaments.

    Use modern training and socialization methods to help your dog develop a stable, friendly, and confident temperament. Work with a trainer if your dog experiences anxiety, fearfulness, or shows aggression. Our popular Great Dane early socialization guide can help!

    Talk to your veterinarian to address issues with gut health. There are many things that cause chronic loose stools in Great Danes including poor quality food, unbalanced nutrition, low fiber diets, adult foods fed to puppies, overfeeding, health problems, and parasites.

    Feed a dry kibble that contains rendered meat meal and balanced protein, fat, carb, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D ratios.

    Do not feed grain-free or poorly researched kibble foods from brands with a small market share.

    Add balanced canned, fresh, or raw food toppers to the kibble, and feed 2-3 small, stress-free meals each day.

    Remember to keep toppers balanced. If they cannot be served as a fully nutritious meal, they are considered treats and should be less than 5% of overall intake.

    Lastly, consider a preventative Gastropexy for your Great Dane. This simple procedure can help keep the stomach from flipping (also called torsion) and save your dogs life if bloat were to occur. Statistics show much better outcomes for dogs who have had a Gastropexy.