Recall alert: Viva Raw Pet Food has recalled 9,760 pounds of raw dog and cat food because of listeria and salmonella contamination.
The recall was prompted by a consumer complaint, which subsequently led the FDA to acquire and test samples of the food from lot #22853. This may indicate a lapse in quality control at the manufacturing facility.
This particular lot was distributed between October 24, 2023, and December 6, 2023. The Viva Raw Recall was initiated on January 27th, 2024.
Salmonella can cause illness in both animals who consume the contaminated products and humans who handle them, posing a risk to both pet owners and their pets.
Listeria is a type of bacteria that can cause a foodborne illness called listeriosis when consumed.
Dogs can suffer from Listeria and Salmonella poisoning.
While it is more commonly associated with humans, dogs can become infected with Listeria or salmonella bacteria if they consume contaminated food, particularly raw or undercooked meat, or other foods contaminated with the bacteria.
Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, fever, lethargy, and, in severe cases, neurological symptoms. If you suspect your dog may have consumed contaminated food, it’s important to consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Dogs can shed food-borne pathogens in their saliva and stool; when handling and feeding raw pet food it is important to use good hygiene and sanitation practices.
On their website, Viva Raw states “We use validated hurdle methods such as an organic lactic acid spray on all of meat & vegetable ingredients and monitor our product temperature to stay within 28-32F during production. Finally, we test each batch of food for Salmonella, E. Coli, and Listeria monocytogenes & swab our production area regularly for Listeria monocytogenes as well.“
If you believe your pet has been made sick by Viva Raw or any other pet food, contact your veterinarian and submit a report to the FDA HERE.
Ensuring our furry companions receive a balanced diet is essential for their overall health and well-being. While meat is typically the primary component of a dog’s diet, incorporating fruits and vegetables can provide a range of health benefits. In this guide, we’ll explore the top 10 fruits and vegetables that are not only safe for dogs but also offer valuable nutrients to support their health.
10 Best Fruits and Vegetables for Dogs
The current trend of homemade dog food and incorporating fresh foods into a dog’s diet is gaining popularity! While I strongly advocate for science-backed kibble from WSAVA-compliant brands as the primary source of nutrition, I also believe there is room to supplement thoughtfully with fresh, whole foods.
I’ve included my 10 favorite fruits and vegetables for dogs below, as well as some fun tips for making them enriching for your pup.
Author’s Note: I’ve included some health benefits to each of the whole, fresh foods below. Please note, however, that these benefits are not a cure-all or magic pill! Always talk to your veterinarian.
1. Blueberries for Dogs
Blueberries are packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber, making them an excellent choice for your dog’s snack time. These small, juicy berries can be fed fresh or frozen, and many dogs enjoy them as a tasty treat. Blueberries support cognitive function, aid in digestion, and contribute to a healthy immune system.
You can also give your dog frozen blueberries, straight from the bag. I like to use them for training treats and fun treat-catching photos!
2. Frozen Carrots Make Great Dog Chews
Crunchy and nutritious, carrots are a favorite among many dogs. They are low in calories and high in fiber, promoting dental health and aiding in digestion. Carrots are also rich in beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function.
Frozen carrot sticks or carrot chips make excellent chewy treats for dogs of all sizes. You can even dip them first in canned food to enhance their appeal.
3. DIY Apple Enrichment Toy for Dogs
Apples are a crunchy and hydrating snack for dogs, providing them with vitamins A and C, as well as fiber. Be sure to remove the seeds and core before feeding apples to your dog, as these parts can be a choking hazard. Apples support dental health, aid in digestion, and may even freshen breath.
Use a knife and cut the top off of an apple. Carefully core out the center of the apple, leaving as much of the apple flesh intact as possible. This will create an edible bowl that you can use to stuff with rehydrated kibble or canned food! Freeze this treat for long-lasting enrichment.
4. Make Spinach Cubes for your Dog
Spinach is a leafy green vegetable that is safe for dogs in moderation. It is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as iron and folate. Incorporating spinach into your dog’s diet can promote healthy bones, support the immune system, and contribute to overall vitality.
Frozen spinach cubes can be added to your pet’s kibble or homemade dog treats for a nutritional boost. Blend them up first (I love my NutraBullet for this) so that they are very digestible for your dog.
5. Pumpkin, a Versatile Dog Treat
Pumpkin is rich in fiber, aiding in digestion and promoting regular bowel movements. Pumpkin is also a good source of vitamins A and C, as well as beta-carotene, which supports eye health and immune function.
Canned pureed pumpkin (not pumpkin pie filling) can be mixed into your dog’s food for added flavor and nutrients. You can even give your dog a whole fresh pie pumpkin (take the stem off) to roll around and play with; just make sure they don’t eat too much in one sitting.
Pro tip: take it easy on the pumpkin! Too much can have the opposite effect on stool quality. You’ve been warned!
6. Strawberries Dipped in Yogurt for Dogs
Strawberries are another fruit that dogs can enjoy in moderation. They are packed with vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber, promoting overall health and well-being. Strawberries can also serve a tiny roll as a natural teeth whitener.
Fresh strawberries can be sliced and served as a refreshing treat for your furry friend. Dip them in plain yogurt to make a sweet Valentine’s day or summer treat!
7. Green Beans for Weight Loss & Fiber
Green beans are a low-calorie, nutrient-rich vegetable that most dogs love. They are an excellent source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, including vitamin K, which supports bone health. Green beans can also help dogs feel full without adding extra calories, making them a great option for weight management.
Freeze-dried green beans offer a crunchy texture and can be used as a healthy training treat.
8. Yes, Dogs Can Have Watermelon, too!
Watermelon is a hydrating and delicious fruit that many dogs enjoy. It is low in calories and contains vitamins A, B6, and C, as well as antioxidants like lycopene. Feeding your dog watermelon in moderation can help keep them hydrated and provide essential nutrients.
Fresh watermelon chunks make a refreshing summer treat for dogs; try freezing them for added enrichment (remove the rind, please).
9. Sweet Potato Dog Chews
Sweet potatoes are a nutritious root vegetable that dogs can benefit from. They are rich in vitamins A, C, and B6, as well as fiber and antioxidants. Sweet potatoes support digestive health, regulate blood sugar levels, and provide sustained energy.
Dehydrated sweet potato slices are a chewy and satisfying snack for dogs. My dogs go nuts for these Dr. Harvey’s Sweet Potato Chews!
10. Cranberries Treat for Dogs
Cranberries are known for their urinary tract health benefits in humans, and they can offer similar benefits for dogs. They contain antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties that support bladder and kidney health. Cranberries can also help prevent urinary tract infections in dogs.
Dried cranberries can be sprinkled over your dog’s food for a tasty and nutritious addition. Never give your dog dried raisins or grapes!
How Many Fresh Fruits & Vegetables Can I Give My Dog?
The amount of fresh fruits and vegetables you can safely give to your dog depends on several factors, including their size, age, weight, and overall health.
As a general guideline, treats should make up no more than 10% of your dog’s daily caloric intake, and even less if you have a still-growing puppy.
When introducing new fruits and vegetables into your dog’s diet, start with small portions to gauge their reaction and watch for any signs of digestive upset. Too much fiber is not good for their tummies!
It’s also important to remember that not all fruits and vegetables are safe for dogs. Some may be toxic or cause digestive issues, such as grapes and onions. Always research and consult with your veterinarian before offering any new foods to your dog.
Blend Those Veggies Up!
Blending vegetables before giving them to your dog can have several benefits:
Improved Digestibility: Dogs have shorter digestive tracts compared to humans, which can make it difficult for them to break down plant matter efficiently. Blending vegetables into a smooth consistency can help predigest the fibers, making the nutrients more accessible and easier for your dog to absorb.
Prevention of Choking Hazard: Some dogs may tend to gulp down large chunks of food, increasing the risk of choking. Blending vegetables into a puree eliminates the risk of choking on large pieces, ensuring safer consumption.
Enhanced Palatability: Some dogs may be hesitant to eat whole vegetables due to texture or taste preferences. Blending vegetables into a smooth puree can help mask any undesirable textures or flavors, making them more appealing to your dog.
Mixing with Other Ingredients: Blending vegetables allows you to easily mix them with other ingredients, such as meat or commercial dog food, creating a balanced and nutritious meal for your dog. This can be particularly beneficial if you’re preparing homemade dog food recipes that require a combination of ingredients.
Customization: Blending vegetables gives you the flexibility to customize the texture and consistency based on your dog’s preferences and dietary needs. You can adjust the thickness of the puree to suit your dog’s taste and make it easier for them to consume.
Do Vegetables Prevent Cancer in Dogs?
While there is no definitive evidence that vegetables alone can prevent cancer in all dogs, incorporating a variety of fruits and vegetables into your dog’s diet as part of a balanced and nutritious meal may contribute to their overall health and potentially reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
The effect may be minimal; tread cautiously with influencers who imply that lots of veggies are the key to preventing cancer in your dog!
Many fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and phytonutrients, which have been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are associated with cancer development.
For example, antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene help neutralize free radicals in the body, which can damage cells and contribute to cancer formation.
Too much can have the opposite effect, though! When dogs receive too much Vitamin C, for example, the anti-oxidant properties become pro-oxidant. While the word “pro” implies something positive, in this case, it’s not good.
Additionally, some vegetables, such as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale, contain compounds called glucosinolates, which have been studied for their potential anticancer properties.
However, it’s essential to emphasize that while a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may offer health benefits, it should be part of a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention in dogs. Other factors, such as genetics, environmental exposures, and overall lifestyle, also play significant roles in cancer development.
If you substitute too much of an already balanced diet with fruits and vegetables, you could potentially cause preventable health issues in your pet resulting from nutritional deficiencies.
Consulting with your veterinarian about your dog’s diet and overall health is crucial. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your dog’s specific needs and help you create a balanced diet that supports their well-being and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Additionally, regular veterinary check-ups and screenings can help detect any potential health issues early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
Does Dog Kibble Contain Vegetables?
Yes, many commercial dog kibbles contain vegetables or fruits as an ingredient. These vegetables are often included to provide additional nutrients, fiber, and flavor to the dog food. Common vegetables found in dog kibble may include peas, carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and broccoli, among others.
However, often these ingredients are included in such low amounts that they provide minimal nutritional benefit, akin to “fairy dust”.
Don’t fall prey to pet food marketing that wants you to believe a dry dog food has all of the benefits of fresh spinach, blueberries, and pomegranates.
You are much better off choosing a veterinary-recommended brand and adding fresh vegetables to your pet’s diet as a form of enrichment.
Conclusion: Adding fruits and vegetables to your dog’s diet can provide a range of health benefits, from supporting digestion to boosting the immune system. By incorporating a variety of fruits and vegetables in moderation and consulting with your veterinarian, you can ensure that your furry friend enjoys a balanced and nutritious diet that promotes overall health and vitality.
Hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic condition that affects dogs of various breeds and sizes. It occurs when the hip joint develops abnormally, leading to discomfort, pain, and mobility issues. While hip dysplasia is often associated with older dogs, it can also affect puppies. Understanding the signs and symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs and puppies is crucial for early detection and management.
This blog post will cover:
Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
Puppy’s that sit funny (and what it means)
How to prevent hip dysplasia in puppies
Puppy nutrition & growth disorders
Hip dysplasia diagnosis
Treating dogs with hip dysplasia
Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Puppies and Dogs
Here are some key indicators to watch for:
Difficulty Rising: Puppies and dogs with hip dysplasia may struggle to get up from a lying or sitting position. You might notice them hesitating or using their front legs to push themselves up.
Lameness or Limping: A noticeable limp, especially in the hind legs, can be a sign of hip dysplasia. Dogs may favor one leg over the other or exhibit an uneven gait while walking or running.
Decreased Activity Levels: If your puppy or dog is less active than usual, it could indicate discomfort or pain associated with hip dysplasia. They may be reluctant to participate in activities they once enjoyed, such as playing fetch or going for walks.
Stiffness or Pain: Dogs with hip dysplasia may exhibit stiffness, particularly after periods of rest or physical activity. They may also show signs of pain when touched around the hip area or when attempting certain movements.
Audible Clicking or Popping Sounds: Some dogs with hip dysplasia may produce clicking or popping sounds when they move their hips. These noises can indicate joint instability and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.
Loss of Muscle Mass: As hip dysplasia progresses, affected muscles may become weaker or atrophied, particularly in the hindquarters. This loss of muscle mass can contribute to further mobility issues and difficulty supporting the body’s weight.
Difficulty Climbing Stairs or Jumping: Activities that require the use of the hind legs, such as climbing stairs or jumping onto furniture, can be challenging for dogs with hip dysplasia. They may hesitate or exhibit reluctance to perform these movements.
If you notice any of these signs or symptoms in your puppy or dog, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian promptly. Early detection and intervention can help manage hip dysplasia and improve your pet’s quality of life.
How is Hip Dysplasia Diagnosed in Dogs?
Diagnosing hip dysplasia in dogs typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and diagnostic imaging. Here’s an overview of the steps involved in diagnosing hip dysplasia:
Physical Examination: During a physical exam, the veterinarian will observe your dog’s gait, posture, and range of motion in the hips and hind legs. They may also palpate the hip joints to check for pain, stiffness, or abnormalities.
Medical History Review: Providing a detailed medical history, including any signs or symptoms you’ve noticed in your dog, can help the veterinarian assess the likelihood of hip dysplasia. Information about your dog’s breed, age, and activity level is also relevant.
Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays (radiographs) are the primary diagnostic tool used to evaluate hip dysplasia in dogs. Sedation or anesthesia may be necessary to obtain clear images, especially in uncooperative or anxious patients. X-rays allow veterinarians to assess the shape of the hip joints, the degree of joint laxity (looseness), and the presence of any arthritic changes.
Additional Tests: In some cases, additional diagnostic tests such as CT scans or MRI may be recommended to provide a more detailed assessment of the hip joint structures. These advanced imaging techniques can be particularly useful for evaluating soft tissue abnormalities and detecting early signs of hip dysplasia.
Orthopedic Evaluation: Depending on the severity of the hip dysplasia and the presence of other orthopedic issues, the veterinarian may perform additional orthopedic tests to assess joint stability, muscle strength, and overall function.
Once hip dysplasia is diagnosed, the veterinarian will discuss treatment options tailored to your dog’s specific needs. Treatment may include a combination of medical management, weight management, physical therapy, and surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the condition and the dog’s circumstances.
Regular follow-up examinations and monitoring are essential to track the progression of hip dysplasia and adjust treatment plans as needed. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, dogs with hip dysplasia can lead active and comfortable lives.
An abnormal hip x-ray, indicating possible Hip Dysplasia in a dog
How is Hip Dysplasia Treated in Dogs?
The treatment approach for hip dysplasia in dogs depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the dog’s age, overall health, and lifestyle. Here’s an overview of common treatment options for hip dysplasia:
Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for dogs with hip dysplasia. Excess weight places additional strain on the hip joints and can exacerbate symptoms. Your veterinarian may recommend a balanced diet and exercise plan tailored to your dog’s needs to help achieve and maintain an optimal body condition.
Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with hip dysplasia. These medications can help improve comfort and mobility, allowing affected dogs to lead more active lives. It’s essential to follow your veterinarian’s dosage instructions and monitor for any potential side effects.
Joint Supplements: Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and omega-3 fatty acids are commonly used as joint supplements to support joint health and reduce cartilage degeneration. While these supplements may not reverse existing hip dysplasia, they can help slow the progression of arthritis and improve joint function over time.
Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises, such as swimming, hydrotherapy, and therapeutic stretching, can help strengthen the muscles surrounding the hip joints and improve the range of motion. Physical therapy can also alleviate pain, reduce stiffness, and enhance overall mobility in dogs with hip dysplasia.
Lifestyle Modifications: Making adjustments to your dog’s environment and daily routine can help minimize stress on the hips. Providing supportive bedding, using ramps or stairs to avoid jumping, and limiting high-impact activities can help manage hip dysplasia symptoms and prevent further joint damage.
Surgical Intervention: In severe cases of hip dysplasia or when conservative management fails to provide adequate relief, surgical options may be considered. Common surgical procedures for hip dysplasia include:
Total Hip Replacement (THR): This procedure involves replacing the entire hip joint with a prosthetic implant, providing pain relief and restoring normal joint function.
Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO): In FHO surgery, the femoral head (the “ball” of the hip joint) is removed, allowing the surrounding muscles to support the hip joint and reduce pain.
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO): TPO surgery involves altering the shape of the pelvis to improve hip joint stability and reduce the risk of arthritis.
Regular veterinary examinations and monitoring are essential for dogs undergoing treatment for hip dysplasia. Your veterinarian will assess your dog’s progress, adjust treatment as needed, and provide guidance on managing long-term joint health.
By combining appropriate treatment modalities and lifestyle modifications, pet owners can effectively manage hip dysplasia and improve their dog’s quality of life. Working closely with your veterinarian and following their recommendations can help optimize outcomes for dogs with this common orthopedic condition.
Does Pet Insurance Cover Hip Dysplasia?
Whether pet insurance covers hip dysplasia depends on the specific policy and insurance provider. Some pet insurance companies offer coverage for hip dysplasia as part of their standard plans, while others may offer it as an optional add-on or require the purchase of a higher-tier plan with broader coverage.
Here are some key points to consider regarding pet insurance coverage for hip dysplasia:
Pre-Existing Conditions: Most pet insurance policies do not cover pre-existing conditions, including hip dysplasia that was diagnosed before the policy’s effective date or during the waiting period. It’s essential to review the policy terms and exclusions carefully to understand what is and isn’t covered.
Breed-Specific Considerations: Some insurance providers may impose breed-specific restrictions or limitations on coverage for conditions like hip dysplasia. Certain breeds are more prone to developing hip dysplasia, so insurers may adjust premiums or coverage options accordingly.
Coverage Limits and Waiting Periods: Pet insurance policies typically have annual coverage limits, deductibles, and waiting periods before coverage for specific conditions, including hip dysplasia, becomes effective. Be sure to review these details when selecting a policy to ensure it meets your pet’s needs.
Optional Coverage Add-Ons: Some pet insurance companies offer optional wellness plans or riders that cover preventive care, including hip dysplasia screening and diagnostic testing. Adding these options to your policy may provide additional coverage for managing your dog’s orthopedic health.
Policy Renewals and Changes: Insurance providers may adjust coverage terms, premiums, or exclusions at policy renewal. It’s essential to stay informed about any changes to your policy and consider how they may impact coverage for hip dysplasia and other conditions.
Before purchasing pet insurance, carefully research different providers, compare coverage options and exclusions and consider factors such as cost, coverage limits, and customer reviews. Discussing your specific concerns, including hip dysplasia coverage, with insurance representatives can help you make an informed decision about the best policy for your pet’s needs.
What Causes Dogs to Get Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia in dogs is a multifactorial condition with both genetic and environmental influences. While the exact cause of hip dysplasia is not fully understood, several factors contribute to its development:
Genetics: Genetics plays a significant role in the development of hip dysplasia. It is believed to be a polygenic trait, meaning it involves multiple genes, each with a small effect on susceptibility. Dogs with a family history of hip dysplasia are at a higher risk of inheriting the condition. When choosing a breeder for your puppy, verify that both parents have been OFA Hip Tested.
Breed Predisposition: Certain dog breeds are more prone to hip dysplasia than others. Large and giant breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Great Danes, are among the most commonly affected. This suggests a genetic predisposition to the condition within these breeds.
Developmental Factors: Hip dysplasia primarily affects growing puppies and young dogs, as the abnormal development of the hip joint occurs during the early stages of skeletal growth. Factors such as rapid growth rate, excessive weight gain, improper nutrition, and inappropriate exercise during the puppyhood stages can contribute to the development and progression of hip dysplasia. I’ll cover nutritional factors below!
Joint laxity: In dogs with hip dysplasia, the hip joint may exhibit excessive laxity or looseness, allowing abnormal movement and instability. This laxity can lead to increased wear and tear on the joint surfaces, cartilage damage, and inflammation, ultimately contributing to the development of hip dysplasia and secondary osteoarthritis.
Environmental Factors: Environmental factors, including diet, exercise, and management practices, can influence the development and progression of hip dysplasia. Providing appropriate nutrition, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding excessive or high-impact exercise during the critical growth phases can help mitigate the risk of hip dysplasia in susceptible dogs.
Other Factors: Hormonal influences, such as estrogen and testosterone levels, may also affect the development of hip dysplasia. Additionally, factors such as trauma, joint infections, and inflammatory conditions can contribute to the progression of hip dysplasia or exacerbate existing symptoms.
While hip dysplasia is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, responsible breeding practices and proactive management strategies can help reduce the prevalence and severity of the condition in susceptible dog breeds. Early detection, appropriate veterinary care, and lifestyle modifications are essential for managing hip dysplasia and improving affected dogs’ quality of life.
How to Prevent Hip Dysplasia in Puppies
Preventing hip dysplasia in puppies involves a combination of responsible breeding practices, proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, and proactive management strategies. While it may not be possible to eliminate the risk of hip dysplasia, these measures can help reduce the likelihood and severity of the condition. Here are some steps to consider:
Consider Breed Selection: If you’re considering adding a dog to your family, research different breeds and their predisposition to hip dysplasia. While hip dysplasia can occur in any breed, certain breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds, are more prone to the condition. Choosing a breed with a lower risk of hip dysplasia may reduce the likelihood of the condition occurring.
Provide Balanced Nutrition: Feed your puppy a balanced and nutritious diet appropriate for their age, breed size, and activity level. Proper nutrition is essential for healthy skeletal development and muscle growth. Avoid overfeeding or excessive weight gain, as excess body weight can increase the risk of hip dysplasia and other orthopedic conditions. It’s especially important to ensure that large and giant breed puppies receive balanced levels of calcium and phosphorus in their diet.
Control Growth Rate: Large and giant breed puppies are particularly susceptible to hip dysplasia due to their rapid growth rate. To help reduce the risk, feed controlled portions to prevent rapid weight gain and avoid over-supplementation with growth-promoting nutrients, toppers, and treats. Consult with your veterinarian for guidance on an appropriate feeding plan for your puppy’s specific needs.
Provide Adequate Exercise: Encourage regular, low-impact exercise to promote muscle strength, joint stability, and overall fitness in puppies. Avoid excessive or high-impact activities, such as jumping and rough play on hard surfaces, especially during the critical growth phases. Moderate exercise helps support healthy joint development without placing excessive stress on the hips.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Keep your puppy at a healthy body weight to minimize strain on the hip joints. Excess weight can exacerbate existing hip dysplasia or increase the risk of developing the condition. Monitor your puppy’s body condition regularly and adjust their diet and exercise as needed to maintain an ideal weight.
Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Schedule regular veterinary examinations for your puppy to monitor their growth and development. Your veterinarian can assess your puppy’s hip conformation and guide you on preventive measures, nutritional counseling, and appropriate exercise routines tailored to their specific needs.
Early Intervention: If you notice any signs of hip dysplasia or orthopedic issues in your puppy, such as limping, stiffness, or difficulty rising, consult with your veterinarian promptly. Early detection and intervention can help manage the condition and prevent further joint damage.
By incorporating these preventive measures into your puppy’s care routine and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help minimize the risk of hip dysplasia and promote your puppy’s overall health and well-being.
Calcium in Puppy Food & Hip Dysplasia
The relationship between calcium levels in puppy food and hip dysplasia is a topic of ongoing research and discussion in the veterinary community. While calcium is essential for healthy bone development, excessive or imbalanced levels of calcium in a puppy’s diet may contribute to skeletal abnormalities, including hip dysplasia, especially in large and giant breed puppies.
Many “super premium” and holistic type pet foods are not properly balanced for puppies. I recommend sticking to brands that meet WSAVA recommendations for ingredient sourcing, quality control, manufacturing, and formulation practices.
Here are some key points to consider regarding calcium in puppy food and its potential impact on hip dysplasia:
Balanced Nutrition: Providing a balanced diet that meets the nutritional needs of growing puppies is essential for skeletal health. Calcium plays a crucial role in bone formation, but it must be provided in the appropriate amount and ratio relative to other nutrients, such as phosphorus and vitamin D.
Calcium Imbalance: Excessive dietary calcium levels or imbalances in the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio can disrupt the normal development of bone and cartilage in puppies, potentially predisposing them to orthopedic conditions like hip dysplasia. Conversely, insufficient calcium levels can also affect bone health and lead to developmental abnormalities.
Growth Rate Management: Controlling the growth rate of large and giant breed puppies is important for reducing the risk of skeletal disorders, including hip dysplasia. Rapid growth and excessive weight gain during the puppyhood stages can place additional stress on developing joints and increase the likelihood of orthopedic problems.
The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) establishes standards and regulations for pet food labeling and nutritional adequacy in the United States. When it comes to dog food for puppies, AAFCO provides specific guidelines and statements to ensure that the food meets the nutritional needs of growing puppies. Here are some common AAFCO statements found on dog food labels for puppies:
Complete and Balanced: This statement indicates that the dog food has undergone feeding trials or meets the nutrient profiles established by AAFCO for puppies. It assures consumers that the food provides all essential nutrients in the correct proportions to support the growth and development of puppies.
Formulated to Meet the Nutritional Levels Established by AAFCO: This statement indicates that dog food is formulated to meet the nutrient requirements outlined by AAFCO for puppies. While the food may not have undergone feeding trials, it is designed to provide adequate nutrition for puppies based on AAFCO’s guidelines.
Life Stage Designation (e.g., “For Puppies” or “Growth and Reproduction”): Dog foods labeled for puppies are formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of growing puppies. AAFCO requires that these foods contain higher levels of certain nutrients, such as protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus, to support healthy growth and development.
Nutritional Adequacy Statement: This statement indicates whether the dog food is intended for growth, maintenance, or all life stages. Dog foods labeled for puppies should include a statement indicating that the food is suitable for growth, meaning it provides the essential nutrients necessary for the growth and development of puppies.
When selecting food for dogs expected to weigh more than 70 pounds as adults (including giant puppies such as Great Danes), seek out the label indicating that the food is specifically formulated to support the growth of large breeds.
Consultation with Veterinarian: Before making any changes to your puppy’s diet or feeding regimen, it’s crucial to consult with your veterinarian. They can provide personalized guidance based on your puppy’s breed, age, health status, and nutritional requirements.It’s important for pet owners to carefully read and understand the information provided on dog food labels, including AAFCO statements, to ensure that they are selecting a high-quality, nutritionally balanced food for their puppies.
Natural Treatments for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
Natural treatments for hip dysplasia in dogs focus on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and promoting joint health through holistic approaches. While these treatments may not cure hip dysplasia, they can help alleviate discomfort and improve your dog’s quality of life. Here are some natural treatment options to consider:
Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for managing hip dysplasia in dogs. Excess weight puts additional strain on the joints, exacerbating symptoms and increasing the risk of progression. Consult with your veterinarian to develop a weight management plan tailored to your dog’s needs, which may include portion control, a balanced diet, and regular exercise.
Regular Nail Trimming: Regular nail trimming is essential for maintaining your dog’s comfort and preventing overgrowth, which can lead to discomfort and mobility issues. It’s important to use proper nail trimmers and techniques to avoid cutting into the quick, causing pain and bleeding.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint inflammation and alleviate pain associated with hip dysplasia. Adding omega-3 supplements to your dog’s diet may help improve joint mobility and overall comfort.
Glucosamine and Chondroitin: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are natural compounds that support joint health and cartilage repair. These supplements are commonly used to manage osteoarthritis and may benefit dogs with hip dysplasia by promoting joint lubrication and reducing cartilage degeneration. I recommend Dasaquin Advanced.
Turmeric: Turmeric contains curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound that may help alleviate joint pain and inflammation in dogs with hip dysplasia. Adding turmeric to your dog’s diet or providing curcumin supplements may offer symptomatic relief.
Massage and Physical Therapy: Gentle massage and physical therapy techniques can help improve joint mobility, reduce muscle tension, and alleviate pain in dogs with hip dysplasia. Consider working with a certified canine rehabilitation therapist or physical therapist to develop a customized exercise and massage regimen tailored to your dog’s needs.
Acupuncture: Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine practice that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and pain relief. Some dog owners find acupuncture beneficial for managing hip dysplasia symptoms and improving mobility.
Cold and Heat Therapy: Applying cold packs or heating pads to the affected hip joint can help reduce inflammation and soothe discomfort. Cold therapy is particularly effective during acute flare-ups of hip dysplasia, while heat therapy can provide relief for chronic pain and stiffness.
Before starting any natural treatment regimen for hip dysplasia, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian to ensure that the chosen therapies are safe and appropriate for your dog’s individual needs. Integrating a combination of natural treatments with veterinary care and lifestyle modifications can help optimize management of hip dysplasia and improve your dog’s comfort and mobility.
By staying vigilant and proactive, pet owners can effectively manage hip dysplasia and ensure their furry companions lead happy, healthy lives.
Diatomaceous Earth (DE) has gained popularity among pet owners as a natural solution for flea control, itching, and more. Frequently endorsed by “Holistic” veterinarians and natural pet food companies for its perceived advantages, it’s important for pet owners also to be aware of the associated risks. In this article, we’ll dig into the ins and outs of Diatomaceous Earth for dogs, highlighting its limitations and advocating for safer, more effective alternatives.
What is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous Earth is a naturally occurring sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of tiny aquatic organisms called diatoms. It is commonly ground into a fine powder and used in various applications, including pest control.
DE is believed to work by dehydrating insects and pests, leading to their eventual demise.
Never purchase inexpensive unknown brands online, as these products may be low quality or adulterated.
Wholistic Pet Organics is an example of a clean brand of Diatomaceous Earth, that contains the NASC seal for quality.
It’s important to understand, however, that while the NASC seal is an important sign of quality in pet supplements, that does not mean that Diatomaceous Earth is safe for your pet.
However, like arsenic and black widows, “natural” can have its drawbacks.
Is Diatomaceous Earth Effective For Dogs?
The effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) for dogs is a topic of debate among pet owners and experts. While some people claim that DE is effective in controlling fleas, ticks, and other pests, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is limited and inconclusive.
DE is believed to work by dehydrating insects and pests, causing them to die. However, studies have shown mixed results regarding its effectiveness, particularly in severe flea infestations.
Additionally, the abrasive nature of DE may cause irritation to the skin and respiratory tract of dogs, leading to discomfort and potential health issues.
Considering the lack of robust scientific evidence and the potential risks associated with DE, many veterinarians recommend caution when using it on pets. Instead, they may suggest alternative flea and tick control methods that are proven to be safe and effective, such as prescription medications, flea collars, and environmental control measures.
Is Diatomaceous Earth Safe for Dogs to Eat?
In general, Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is considered safe for dogs to eat in small amounts, but caution should be exercised. DE is often used as a dietary supplement for its purported benefits in promoting digestion and parasite control. However, it’s crucial to use food-grade DE specifically labeled for consumption by pets and to follow dosage recommendations carefully.
Inhaling large amounts of DE dust can irritate the respiratory tract, and ingesting excessive quantities can potentially lead to gastrointestinal irritation or blockages. Additionally, the abrasive nature of DE can irritate the mouth and throat if consumed in large amounts.
To ensure the safety of your dog, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian before adding DE to their diet. A veterinarian can guide you on the appropriate dosage and usage based on your dog’s individual health needs and dietary requirements. Additionally, they can offer alternative dietary supplements or treatments if DE is not suitable for your dog or if you have concerns about its safety.
Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth
Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of diatoms. It is typically mined from ancient sea beds and processed into a fine powder.
Food-grade DE is specifically processed and regulated for use in food and animal feed applications, ensuring its purity and safety for consumption. Always confirm that the supplements you are buying for your pet contain the NASC seal, like this food-grade DE by Wholistic Pet Organics.
Here are some key points about food-grade Diatomaceous Earth:
Purity: Food-grade DE undergoes strict processing and quality control measures to ensure its purity and safety for use in food and animal feed. It is free from contaminants and additives, making it suitable for consumption by humans and animals.
Uses: Food-grade DE has a wide range of applications in food production, agriculture, and animal husbandry. It is commonly used as an anti-caking agent in grain storage, a clarifying agent in beer and wine production, and a supplement for animals.
Safety: When used as directed, food-grade DE is generally regarded as safe for consumption by humans and animals. It is important to follow dosage recommendations carefully and to use caution when handling DE to avoid inhaling fine particles, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Can Diatomaceous Earth Stop Dog Itching?
While some pet owners may claim that Diatomaceous Earth (DE) can help alleviate dog itching, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness for this purpose.
Because DE functions by dehydrating parasites, it might offer some degree of effectiveness in reducing or eradicating bothersome fleas and mites, potentially alleviating the source of itching. Nevertheless, its efficacy in this regard remains unproven and questionable, at best.
DE is unlikely to soothe the skin, however, as it’s more likely to dry the skin out.
Never rub Diatomaceous Earth into your pet’s fur! The abrasive nature of DE particles could potentially exacerbate skin irritation or cause further discomfort for dogs, especially those with sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
If your dog is experiencing itching or skin irritation, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Does Diatomaceous Earth Kill Fleas and Ticks?
The effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth in eliminating fleas and ticks is not well-supported by scientific evidence. While some pet owners may report success with DE, many studies have found its efficacy to be limited, especially in cases of severe infestation.
Certain individuals suggest applying Diatomaceous Earth (DE) around the house to deter pests. However, this approach raises the likelihood of your pet inhaling the DE, potentially irritating their lungs.
Given the uncertain effectiveness and potential risks associated with DE, pet owners are encouraged to explore alternative flea and tick control methods that are proven to be safe and effective, such as prescription medications, flea collars, and topical treatments recommended by veterinarians.
In general, there is limited scientific evidence to support the need for detoxification in healthy dogs. Dogs have highly efficient natural detoxification systems, including the liver and kidneys, which are responsible for removing toxins and waste products from the body.
While certain situations, such as exposure to toxins or ingestion of harmful substances, may warrant medical intervention to support the body’s detoxification processes, most healthy dogs do not require detoxification treatments or supplements.
Instead of focusing on detoxification, pet owners should prioritize maintaining their dog’s overall health and well-being through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care. Providing a balanced diet, keeping vaccinations up-to-date, and preventing exposure to toxins is essential for supporting your dog’s natural detoxification processes and overall health.
If you have concerns about your dog’s health or suspect they may have been exposed to toxins, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian for guidance and appropriate medical care. Veterinarians can assess your dog’s individual needs and recommend appropriate treatments or interventions to support their health and well-being.
Diatomaceous Earth for Dogs
While Diatomaceous Earth may seem like a natural and appealing solution for flea control and itching in dogs, its effectiveness is questionable, and its risks should not be overlooked.
Instead of taking chances with DIY remedies, pet owners should prioritize their dog’s health and safety by opting for veterinary-approved alternatives backed by scientific evidence.
By working closely with a veterinarian and choosing proven methods of pest control, pet owners can ensure their furry companions remain happy, healthy, and free from pesky parasites.
Another day, another round of pet food lawsuits, recalls, misinformation, and drama. I suspect this is going to be a big one! On February 6th, 2024, Keto Natural Pet Foods filed a massive class action lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet. Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition is a hot topic, with a controversial argument.
They claim that Hill’s Science Diet and a handful of top veterinary specialists “participated in an egregious, wide-ranging, and damaging campaign of coordinated, for-profit, faux-scientific misinformation.”
Here is the list of Defendants listed in the lawsuit:
Hill’s Science Diet
Morris Animal Foundation – Mark Morris Institute
Dr. Lisa M. Freeman – Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist
Dr. Darcy B. Adin – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
Dr. Joshua A. Stern – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
Dr. Ryan C. Fries – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
Dr. John E. Rush – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
To put this in simple terms, Keto Naturals pet food is alleging that Hill’s Science Diet and the above list of highly-educated veterinary specialists fabricated the entire grain-free DCM heart disease debate to gain back lost market share from boutique and small food brands.
What is the “Grain-Free DCM Heart Disease Debate?
This issue in pet food revolves around concerns that certain grain-free diets may be linked to an increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. While some believe that grain-free and boutique diets can contribute to DCM, others argue that insufficient evidence exists to establish a direct causal relationship, prompting ongoing discussions and research in the pet food industry. You can learn more about this HERE.
I have so many thoughts. As always, our blog relies on published evidence, common sense, and cited research. We do not resort to fear-mongering or insincere sensationalism! This blog post is your one-stop place to learn more about this issue. Please like, share, and follow. Read on, friends.
Keto Naturals Ketona Pet Food
To better understand the source of this lawsuit, I did some digging into the company behind it.
Keto Naturals is a boutique pet food company in the truest sense of the word. According to Grips Intelligence, their yearly sales revenue is below $1 Million U.S.D.
Compare that to Hill’s Science Diet, whose 2023 revenue sits at $4 Billion U.S.D.
If they wanted to, Hill’s could buy Keto Naturals and stuff it in a closet. Their measly revenue is not, and has never been, a threat to Hill’s Science Diet.
Keto Naturals markets their pet food as a low-carb Keto and “natural” diet option for pets.
However, while some pet owners are drawn to these products due to their alignment with human dietary fads, there is an ongoing debate among experts about the suitability and safety of ketogenic diets for animals. There is minimal research supporting the use of Ketogenic diets, while a considerable body of evidence suggests various potential problems associated with them.
Here are some other things we know about Keto Naturals / Ketona Pet Food and its founder:
Their food is co-packed by big factories that make many other brands for other companies.
There is no qualified nutritionist on staff.
It is unclear where the recipes are from, and if a qualified nutritionist consultant was used in their creation.
Keto Naturals does not participate in or publish peer-reviewed research or feeding trials.
They have a “science” page on their website pointing to a belief that carbs are fattening for humans and dogs. That is a theory that has remained unsubstantiated and is often refuted in published research.
A lot of their marketing is centered around bashing competitors (Such as the Farmer’s Dog) and other food types (including raw and fresh), as well as AAFCO regulations and standard practices for food nutrient testing.
Their website states that their foods have never been associated with a single case of nutritional DCM. However, their market share is abysmal. Some of the revenue comes from supplements they sell, not complete diets. The company has only been around since 2018, and very few dogs eat their food.
Keto Naturals’ outspoken founder and CEO Daniel Schulof is a lawyer. He is not an animal scientist, biologist, qualified nutritionist, or veterinarian.
Despite having no formal education in animal nutrition, biology, or veterinary science, Daniel Schulof has positioned himself as an expert authority on this topic and even published a book that he says has been critically acclaimed.
He does have a $200 certificate in pet nutrition from a RACE-approved veterinary CE online course. He openly declares his readiness to challenge anyone with superior credentials, firmly believing that his knowledge exceeds theirs.
This information is easy to find via a quick Google search, where his LinkedIn profile is publicly visible.
He is boldly challenging a group of veterinary researchers and specialists who possess significantly more education and expertise than he does.
I’m going to say something controversial about Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s, but hear me out.
I believe that the Keto Natural vs. Hill’s Science Diet Lawsuit is a brilliant marketing move.
This news has spread rapidly across social media, leading to increased interest in Keto Naturals and higher engagement with their content.
By submitting a controversial and potentially frivolous lawsuit, costing around $400 U.S.D., the brand has garnered significant attention in the pet community. Holistic veterinarians and “consumer advocates” are buzzing, selectively promoting information that supports the arguments presented in the lawsuit.
How ironic.
Keto Naturals History & the DCM Debate
Daniel Schulof (founder of Keto Naturals) is no stranger to engaging in this controversy. He practically invented it.
He wanted that article removed, so he created a website called “Veterinary Integrity” and collected the signatures of veterinarians, scientists, human medical providers, representatives of grain-free pet food companies, and individual pet owners. His petition demanded the removal of the above editorial commentary piece from the JAMVA. (Read his demand letter HERE). 5
Despite the submission of the petition to JAVMA, the article was not retracted.
Certainly, the signatures he amassed predominantly reflected the views of a minority subset consisting of “holistic” veterinarians, pet food companies, and individuals inclined towards extreme “wellness” ideologies that often overlook scientific evidence. These signatures did not align with the sentiments of the majority of veterinarians and pet owners.
Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Lawsuit & Arguments
Determining whether Keto Naturals has a case against Hill’s Science Diet would depend on various factors, including the evidence presented, legal arguments, and the interpretation of relevant laws and regulations.
Author’s Note: Hello Danes does not necessarily agree with the following statements and arguments made in the Keto Naturals vs. Hill’s Science Diet lawsuit filing. This is being provided for informational purposes only:
Hill’s Science Diet collaborated with several veterinary specialists to falsely claim that all “non-traditional” dog foods raise the risk of canine DCM.
They deceitfully encouraged the FDA to investigate DCM cases by cherry-picking data.
Studies have not proven definitive causation.
They popularized the term “BEG” diets (Boutique, Exotic, Grain-Free) to implicate competitors and used blogs, websites, and social media to shape the narrative.
This led to significant losses for “BEG” pet food companies like Keto Naturals, which alleges its reputation was unfairly damaged.
Veterinarians who spread information about grain-free diets received it from Hill’s Science Diet and the Veterinary Defendants, raising concerns about funding and influence.
The Veterinary Defendants also have a conflict of interest due to their involvement in research funded by Hill’s Science Diet.
In this specific case, it seems like a class action is being pursued. This means that other small pet food companies could potentially join the case and seek compensation from any eventual judgment or settlement (if there is one, and that is a big if).
As a journalist, I typically strive to remain impartial while supporting my argument with published research and science.
It’s worth pointing out that the founder of Keto Naturals seems quite upset by what he feels is a loss of consumer trust in his brand (and thus, revenue), and he wants somewhere to place the blame.
Conveniently, his argument also happens to stand on a very controversial platform.
Controversy sells.
Grain-Free Diets and DCM Heart Disease in Dogs
In 2014, Veterinary Cardiologists initiated communication with the FDA regarding an alarming trend they had been noticing of atypical heart disease. This led the FDA to begin collecting data from Veterinary Specialists (some of whom are defendants in this lawsuit).
An announcement from the FDA in 20187 (four years later) aimed to gather more information from affected pet owners, sparking a prolonged debate that continues into 2024. Coincidentally, Keto Naturals Pet Food was started in 2018. The discussion had already been happening, and they were late to the party.
Despite the implication made in the lawsuit that “no research has proven a link between grain-free foods and heart disease in dogs”, there is a lot more to that story.
The FDA has a helpful Q&A page8 that beautifully explains a lot of the information available to us regarding DCM and Nutritional Factors.
Veterinarians nationwide consistently observe a rise in atypical heart disease cases among patients fed non-traditional, BEG, or grain-free diets. Many instances reportedly show improvement or reversal with diet change.
While it’s very possible that most dogs can eat BEG-style diets their whole lives without issue, some cannot. It may take years to sort out why.
The Keto Natural Pet Foods Inc. lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet is adding fuel to the flames. To deny the hundreds of pet parents, whose pets were diagnosed with nutritional DCM and were harmed by boutique pet foods, is disingenuous.
Moreover, nutrition science is a highly complex and expanding area of research. It’s concerning that the owner of a small company, who is a lawyer and not a veterinary scientist, feels confident in arguing so egregiously against something about which he has limited knowledge and personal experience.
Given his background as a lawyer, one would anticipate his understanding of the peer-review process in research and science. However, it is troubling that he dismisses any critical studies and discussion on this topic, attributing it all to perceived financial influence and conflict of interest.
Does Keto Naturals Have a Case Against Hill’s Nutrition?
I’m not a legal professional, so I can’t provide a definitive answer. However, I’m open to sharing my thoughts and speculations on the matter.
Frivolous lawsuits are often considered baseless, lacking in legal reasoning or evidence to support the claims made. They may be filed for reasons such as harassment, intimidation, or to exploit the legal system for personal gain (see above, this is exceptionally good marketing for Keto Naturals brand).
Frivolous lawsuits can waste time and resources for both parties involved and can clog up the court system.
I observe a fledgling brand (Keto Naturals/Ketona) investing its limited time and resources into challenging top veterinary specialists and a large company (Hill’s Pet Nutrition) that is backed by extensive volumes of peer-reviewed scientific research.
At its core, that is frivolous.
The suggestion that multiple veterinary researchers have colluded with a single company to deliberately undermine small brands like Keto Naturals (whose revenue, even when combined with several other smaller brands, poses no threat to Hill’s bottom line) is far-fetched.
To prevail in this case, they’ll need to provide substantial evidence that these events occurred and were intentional. Many statements in the legal filing appear akin to a toddler’s tantrum, which may not be taken seriously by a judge.
Keto Natural Pet Food attributes its stagnant growth to the DCM “scheme” allegedly orchestrated by Hill’s Pet Nutrition and its purported co-conspirators, overlooking the simple fact that there may just not be much interest in Keto Dog Food among consumers.
The popularity of the human Keto diet trend is waning as people become more aware of the health risks associated with extreme and restrictive diets. It’s logical to assume that a boutique pet food company attempting to capitalize on this trend would face challenges, regardless of external factors.
With many things in the world of pet food, there are two sides.
On one side, there’s the often anti-science “holistic” faction, advocating for what they view as a more “natural” approach. Unfortunately, many adherents to this philosophy regularly undermine the credibility of experts and engage in the propagation of conspiracy theories. This side stands firmly with Keto Naturals, as for years they have shared the same unsubstantiated arguments that he does.
On the other side, there’s the pro-veterinary research faction, committed to uncovering the truth through scientific methods, diligent peer-reviewed research, and evidence-based practices.
It will be interesting to see how this shakes out, but for now, I’m choosing to continue standing with science.
Disclaimer: The information provided regarding the KetoNatural Pet Foods Inc. vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. lawsuit is for informational purposes only. We are not legal professionals, and any information presented is a journalistic interpretation and should not be construed as legal advice. Additionally, our site is not affiliated with, or funded by the FDA, Hill’s Science Diet, or Veterinary Researchers.
Footnotes
Diet culture is rooted in racism, white supremacy, and colonialism, Marisa Crane BS↩︎
Ketogenic diet: What are the risks? U.C. Davis. Natalie Helms ↩︎
Cridge H, Lim SY, Algül H, Steiner JM. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice. J Vet Intern Med. 2022 May;36(3):847-864. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16437. Epub 2022 May 12. PMID: 35546513; PMCID: PMC9151489. ↩︎
Freeman, L. M., Stern, J. A., Fries, R., Adin, D. B., & Rush, J. E. (2018). Diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: what do we know?. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(11), 1390-1394. Retrieved Feb 13, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.253.11.1390↩︎
Daniel Schulof Demand Letter to the AVMA, January 26th, 2019 ↩︎
Keto Naturals Inc. vs. Hill’s Science Diet Inc. Class Action Lawsuit Document ↩︎
FDA Investigating Potential Connection Between Diet and Cases of Canine Heart Disease ↩︎
Questions & Answers: FDA’s Work on Potential Causes of Non-Hereditary DCM in Dogs ↩︎
Owens EJ, LeBlanc NL, Freeman LM, Scollan KF. Comparison of echocardiographic measurements and cardiac biomarkers in healthy dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets. J Vet Intern Med. 2023; 37(1): 37-46. doi:10.1111/jvim.16606↩︎
The pet community has jumped head-first into yet another social-media-fueled panic about certain pet food brands. Once again, misinformation is spreading, rampantly! The now-closed Hill’s Science Diet Recall1 for Vitamin D has been brought up by concerned pet parents and influencers as “proof” of a bigger problem, and I wanted more information.
A Facebook group, led by a pet owner who claims to have been the lead plaintiff in (and “won”) the lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet, utilizes its platform to advocate for raw and “natural” diets for pets.
The group actively discourages members from trusting veterinarians and feeding kibble, likening it to “playing Russian Roulette with your pet“. They openly criticize brands like Hill’s, Purina, and Royal Canin, alleging they contain fillers and toxins that primarily serve the companies’ financial interests.
That was a mouthful, but it’s important in the context of this story.
This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Hill’s vitamin D recall, including the reasons behind the recall and why it may have been blown out of proportion.
Hill’s Science Diet Recall information
The Hill’s Class Action Lawsuit for Vitamin D (and how it was resolved)
How many pets were harmed by Hill’s Science Diet
How many pets died because of Hill’s Vitamin D Recall
Pet food manufacturing quality control
Background on Hill’s Pet Nutrition
Hill’s Pet Nutrition is a well-established brand known for producing premium pet foods, including heavily researched therapeutic “prescription” diets recommended by veterinarians for various health conditions. With an average 2023 revenue of over $4 Billion U.S.D., they are a major player in the pet food market.
The company invests significantly in state-of-the-art research facilities. It employs a team of veterinarians, veterinary nutritionists, and scientists dedicated to advancing the understanding of pet health and nutrition.
This cutting-edge facility spans over 80 acres and is equipped with laboratories and top-of-the-line animal housing areas where humane controlled feeding studies are conducted.
Few brands meet this commitment to research and the advancement of nutrition.
While it does elevate them above many other pet food brands, this doesn’t make Hill’s Science Diet exempt from mistakes.
The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D
In January 2019, Hill’s Pet Nutrition received a complaint about possible Vitamin D toxicity in a dog that had eaten Hill’s canned dog food.
Hill’s Science Diet investigated and then quickly alerted the FDA that they were issuing a voluntary recall of select canned dog foods due to elevated levels of vitamin D.
A recall was issued on January 31st, 2019.
“Following that recall, we conducted a detailed review of all canned dog foods potentially impacted by the vitamin premix with elevated levels of vitamin D. This review included: analyzing consumer complaints; reviewing veterinarian medical consultations; auditing our supplier; and reviewing our own manufacturing and quality procedures. We then did additional product testing to ensure we had taken all appropriate action.“
Hill’s indicates in their press release that a “limited number of complaints” came in. Not thousands.
Elevated levels of vitamin D2 can lead to potential health issues in pets, including symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, excessive drooling, and weight loss. In some cases, it can lead to death.
A pet’s size and overall health affect its capacity to metabolize excessive amounts of Vitamin D.
Following the initial recall, the FDA requested that Hill’s Science Diet conduct testing on their retention samples. Retention samples refer to portions of each production lot that are retained at the testing facility in the event of any potential issues arising.
“Testing leading up to the January recall and the March and May recall expansions found that samples of the dog food contained excessive, potentially toxic amounts of vitamin D.”
U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
Of course, this is a scenario that should never happen, however, it did. There is no disputing that Hill’s Science Diet distributed contaminated food and that some dogs were made sick by it.
I’ll dig into that more, below.
Hill’s Science Diet Recall Timeline
Here is a timeline of events related to the vitamin D recall:
January 2019 – Hill’s Science Diet Received a report of a pet sick with possible Vitamin D toxicity
January 30th, 2019 – DSM Nutritional Products, the supplier of the vitamin pre-mix used in Hill’s Science Diet, issued a recall for the ingredient3. A single employee had included an extra drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the mix.
February 1st, 2019 – The FDA started inspections of the pet food manufacturing facility.
February 2019 – A media frenzy ensued, with countless pet owners anecdotally reporting on social media that their pet had been sick from eating Hill’s Science Diet of all kinds (including kibble) up to a year prior. (This is reminiscent of the questionable 2023-2024 “Purina Panic”).
Many of these reports lacked solid evidence, as pet owners attributed various ailments without providing full context.
February 11th, 2019 – One lawsuit of many, Bone et. al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. et. al.5 1:19-cv-00831 is filed. The text of the lawsuit indicates a belief that “As a result of online consumer complaints, Hill’s thus knew or should have known of the elevated vitamin D levels in the Specialty Dog Foods by at least February of 2018.”
The lawsuit alleges that Hill’s Science Diet knowingly sold toxic food for an extended period, including dry pet foods that were not part of the recall. The plaintiffs claim their evidence for this assertion stems from anecdotal consumer reports observed on social media.
February 11th, 2019 – The FDA tested two samples of Hills Prescription Diet Digestive Care i/d Low Fat (SKU Number 10423). The results showed:
Lot code T1911124 3912 had: 100,170 to 107,282 IU/kg of vitamin D
Lot code T1911125 3912, had 102,829 to 102,346 IU/kg of vitamin D
Scientific literature suggests that concentrations exceeding 4,000 IU/kg of dry matter can induce symptoms, with higher levels correlating with more severe health problems and the potential for death.
There is no question that some pets were harmed by this.
March 20, 2019 – The recall is expanded to include additional formulas, following the testing of retention samples. Some of those formulas had not yet been distributed, and thus, posed no harm to pets.
Hill’s Science Diet states that they have “received a limited number of complaints of pet illness related to some of these products.”
May 17, 2019 – An additional lot code is added to the recall list when it was discovered to have been left off the March recall in error.
All told, one source I found indicated that 86 total lots of 33 varieties of Hill’s Canned Pet Foods were recalled.
That’s 675,000 cases—or 13.5 million cans
November 2019 – A warning letter from the FDA nailed Hill’s Science Diet for failing to follow Hazard and Risk-Analysis prevention.
“During our inspection of your facility, FDA Investigators noted violations of the Hazard Analysis and Risk- Based Preventive Controls requirements for animal food found in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 507, subpart C (21 CFR part 507, subpart C).“
Some, but not all of the foods were part of the “prescription” line. No dry food or treats were affected.
The Hill’s Vitamin D Recall was terminated on 12/21/2021, indicating that the company had responded satisfactorily and that there was no more threat to pet health.
Hill’s Science Diet made some major errors leading up to the recall.
How Did Hill’s Science Diet End Up With Too Much Vitamin D?
The manufacturing process involves the addition of specific vitamins and minerals to ensure the nutritional balance of the pet food.
A pre-mix should contain the correct levels of each nutrient, however, in this case, something was wrong.
An Employee at DSM Nutrition Products, the maker of the vitamin package used by Hill’s Science Diet pet food, had supposedly poured a drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the batch of pre-mix.
How Hill’s Science Diet specifically missed the elevated vitamin in numerous lots remains to be understood. Understandably, this has caused many pet parents and veterinarians to lose trust in the company.
Regrettably, pet owners are left to speculate, and the speculations propagated by influencers and bloggers in this field have led to significant levels of panic, fear, and misinformation regarding the topic.
Hill’s Science Diet asserts that they have revised their criteria for third-party ingredient suppliers and have enforced more rigorous testing and safety standards internally. The issue should never have happened and Hill’s Science Diet deserves some fallout from the veterinary and pet community.
As with many things like this, however, there is no proof of an ongoing, or widespread issue involving “thousands of deaths”.
How Many Pets Were Harmed by the Hill’s Vitamin D Recall?
The exact number of pets affected by the Hill’s Vitamin D recall is challenging to ascertain.
While Hill’s initially reported receiving complaints related to approximately 0.1% of their product volume, the actual number of pets harmed remains uncertain.
Pet owners across various regions reported instances of illness and, tragically, some deaths potentially linked to elevated Vitamin D levels in Hill’s pet food. Many claim, online, to have experienced harm up to a year before the recall. Certain people outright blamed any foods in Hill’s product line, including cat food and kibbles that were not part of the recall.
However, without comprehensive reporting mechanisms or centralized data collection, determining the precise extent of harm inflicted on pets is difficult.
There is no published proof that excessive levels of Vitamin D harmed or killed “thousands of pets” as is commonly reported.
Hill’s Science Diet addressed complaints and, upon receiving evidence from pet owners such as purchase receipts and veterinary records, willingly covered veterinary expenses related to any verifiable illnesses attributed to their products.
Several unverifiable online reports assert that certain individuals were “offered only $5 or $10 coupons as compensation for their pet’s demise.” It is reasonable to surmise that these individuals may have lacked evidence substantiating their assertion that Hill’s food was responsible for their pet’s health issues.
In simpler terms, there is a possibility that they attributed the issues to food not included in the recall, had no veterinary records, or their pet’s records indicated a conflicting diagnosis unrelated to the food in question. Hill’s Science Diet pet food doesn’t have a responsibility to pay veterinary bills for those people.
Author’s Note: If you suspect your pet has been made sick by food, especially if there is a recall of that food, see a veterinarian! Get a diagnosis showing that the food caused your pet’s health condition. Save the food in its original container, and report your case to both the manufacturer and the FDA.
Avoid online speculation and at-home diagnosis, as these things are hard to receive compensation for if damages are legitimately due.
Some pet owners with verifiable claims declined to receive assistance and compensation from Hill’s and instead, filed lawsuits (35 of which were combined into a single class action that resulted in a settlement. More on this below).
At its core, the class-action settlement did little more than award some lawyers a payment of cash, and worse, delayed pet owners receiving payment to cover their veterinary expenses.
What’s more, there is no proof that any of the more egregious claims made by the lawsuits (such as Hill’s “knowingly” selling contaminated food and hiding the truth from consumers) were true.
The Bone vs. Hill’s Lawsuit
As mentioned earlier, one of the plaintiffs involved in Hill’s Class Action lawsuit surrounding the vitamin D incident has become a significant influencer in the world of Holistic pet care.
Her 13-year-old dog Duncan was suffering from pancreatitis when her veterinarian recommended a Hill’s diet to help with his symptoms. Pancreatitis is a common condition with a range of causes, including poor diet, obesity, genetics, and certain medications.
The diet she fed to alleviate his pancreatitis symptoms was recalled two weeks after her dog died. Her veterinarian said that his enzymes were elevated, but not enough to kill him. Despite this, his health declined quickly and he was put to sleep. She had a very valid claim against the Hill’s food, as it likely contributed to his early death.
His owner sought a minimum of $13,500 to cover her veterinary bills and the cost of replacing him with a new service dog. I was unable to determine how much of the final settlement she received.
According to her lawsuit, which was filed jointly with two other plaintiffs who had legitimate claims against the food itself, she asserted a belief that Hill’s Science Diet was aware of the excessive vitamin D in the product and had delayed initiating a recall.
Here is an excerpt from her lawsuit against the company, outlining one of the claims for which she sought damages:
“Dogs that consumed Hill’s products which are not yet part of the recall are exhibiting symptoms of vitamin D toxicity. For example, Plaintiffs have heard complaints from a number of consumers whose dogs ate dry dog food (rather than canned dog food) sold under the Hill’s Prescription Diet and Science Diet brand names and who reported that their dogs’ symptoms are consistent with vitamin D toxicity. Thus, it appears that Hill’s has recalled only a subset of its affected Specialty Dog Foods.”
This assertion lacks concrete evidence, relying solely on unsubstantiated information gathered through social media platforms. It necessitates readers to assume that both the FDA and Hill’s Science Diet were intentionally concealing a known problem and that they didn’t investigate claims.
When you hear people say that “Hill’s dragged their feet” or “waited 6 months to recall contaminated food“, this is where that information is coming from.
However, without a court judgment, verifiable proof, or official statements from credible sources, such claims remain speculative and should be approached with caution.
The plaintiff-turned-influencer often claims to have “won her case” against Hill’s, but the truth is that her lawsuit, along with others similar to hers, were consolidated into a single case. That class-action suit (more info below) ultimately led to a settlement agreed upon by both parties, not a judgment.
Additionally, the judge ruled that her claims related to dog and cat food not covered in the settlement were excluded. She did not “win” this part of her argument.
“The cat and dry dog food-related claims included in Bone, et al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., et al., No. 19-CV-02284-JAR-TJJ, are expressly excluded from this Settlement”
That was several years ago now (2021), and there is no evidence to suggest that she has pursued these claims in a new lawsuit, let alone one with a viable argument supported by fair and verifiable evidence.
The Hill’s Class Action Settlement of $12.5 Million
Several smaller lawsuits, including Bone v. Hill’s, were combined into one class action, which led to a settlement.
A settlement in a class action lawsuit refers to an agreement reached between the parties involved in the case, typically the plaintiffs (representing a class of individuals) and the defendant (usually a company or entity). This agreement resolves the legal dispute without the need for a trial.
As outlined in this court document9, the lawsuit progressed through legal channels, eventually culminating in an agreement between the parties involved. The settlement, valued at $12.5 million, aimed to provide financial relief to affected pet owners and underscored Hill’s Pet Nutrition’s acknowledgment of its responsibility in the matter.
The settlement funds were allocated to reimburse pet owners for veterinary expenses related to the recall and to provide refunds for the purchase of the recalled products.
4 million dollars of the settlement were allocated towards legal fees and counsel.
In a settlement, all representing parties must agree to the terms.
Thus, the plaintiffs agreed to accept a $12.5 million payout to satisfy the harm done to their pets by Hill’s mistake.
While some may argue that the settlement amount is insufficient, it’s important to note that without evidence of additional harm, Hill’s couldn’t be deemed accountable.
Two members of the class action formerly objected to the settlement. One of them failed to both substantiate her claim and submit a timely objection (Swaim), while the other (Hawley) was overruled with the following commentary:
“While a class member may wish to receive an unlimited amount of money from a settlement, that wish does not make the settlement unfair, inadequate, or unreasonable.”
Anyone can make a claim or initiate a lawsuit, but only those supported by credible evidence can substantiate their case. Anecdotal online reports, lacking concrete proof, do not constitute evidence.
Purina Dog Food & Viral Social Panic
This is the same thing we are seeing play out yet again with Purina in 2023-2024. A single, since-debunked viral post of heavy metals in the food sparked a public outcry where thousands of pet owners began claiming that Purina food harmed their pets.
A considerable number of pets reportedly affected by Purina dog and cat food did not receive veterinary care, and if they did, their diagnoses were unrelated to food-related issues.
Calls for recalls and class action lawsuits gained momentum as individuals initiated these actions based on their at-home diagnoses, attributing their pets’ conditions to the food. They don’t have toxicology reports or proof of these claims, and multiple laboratory results showed that their claims were without merit.
The outcry is isolated to members of the social media group that is, of course, run by the “former Plaintiff from the Hill’s Recall that won her case“.
While we can understand and empathize with her heartache, it’s important to note that there is a lot more to this story.
Notable Vitamin D Recalls in Pet Food
Several other pet food brands have faced recalls for elevated levels of vitamin D in their products, contributing to a broader concern within the pet food industry.
Some notable brands that have issued recalls for vitamin D include:
Pet food companies have a responsibility to ensure the safety and quality of their products through rigorous testing and monitoring protocols. Vitamin D levels, like other essential nutrients, must be carefully controlled during the manufacturing process to prevent potential health risks to pets.
Some smaller pet food companies have questionable testing protocols, and may easily overlook something like this (hence the reason that “no recalls” is not always a positive thing).
For large companies that produce food for millions of pets and perform thousands of quality checks each day during production, bigger questions arise about how something like that goes overlooked.
That doesn’t make it ok, though. Call your pet food companies! Ask them what testing they do on the ingredients before, during, and after production. Find out if they manufacture their food, or outsource it to a large co-packing facility where they have less control over the final product.
Ongoing pressure from pet owners, as well as research and development efforts, can further enhance quality control measures, ensuring continuous improvement in pet food safety standards.
Was the Hill’s Vitamin D Issue Blown Out of Proportion?
While any product recall can understandably cause concern among consumers, some argue that Hill’s vitamin D recall may have been blown out of proportion for several reasons:
Limited Impact
The recall affected specific varieties of canned dog foods (around 4% of the product line), and the vast majority of Hill’s products were not implicated. There are no verifiable reports of harm from other products.
While there may have been many pets affected in some way by the excess Vitamin D, their symptoms would have resolved when they were no longer fed the contaminated food. Ideally, those pet parents submitted claims to Hill’s Science Diet or participated in the lawsuit as a means to recover their veterinary bills.
Some pets may have suffered fatalities directly linked to the contaminated canned food; however, there is no documented evidence supporting the notion of widespread harm.
While acknowledging the inexcusable nature of the deaths of those pets, it is essential to base our understanding on verifiable facts and comprehensive data rather than anecdotal reports to form a clear and accurate assessment of the overall impact of the situation.
Lack of Proof
While various claims have circulated regarding the supposed harm to pets and perceived deficiencies in Hill’s Science Diet’s management of the food recall, it’s imperative to underscore the absence of verified evidence backing the idea of widespread harm or negligence.
Many blogs and influencers have crafted a narrative that may amplify concerns, yet it’s essential to approach these accounts critically and rely on concrete evidence rather than anecdotal information.
Without substantiated facts, it’s challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the extent of harm or any alleged negligence in this matter. I encourage readers to maintain a balanced perspective and rely on credible sources for a comprehensive understanding of the situation.
Proactive Measures
Rather than downplaying the issue, Hill’s did take proactive measures to address the manufacturing error and ensure the safety of pets consuming their products.
While this issue should have never happened in the first place, Hill’s Science Diet did take steps to remedy the problem and change the practices that led to it happening.
Understandably, some people may doubt the sincerity of those measures taken by Hill’s Science Diet. However, despite any skepticism, sales of Hill’s Science Diet have consistently increased each year.
This upward trend suggests that consumers and veterinarians place their trust in the brand. This continued patronage could stem from various factors, including the brand’s long-standing reputation, quality assurance measures, and effective communication efforts regarding product safety and improvements.
Ultimately, the sustained growth in sales reflects a level of confidence and satisfaction among consumers and veterinary professionals with Hill’s Science Diet products.
In my view, I would confidently choose to feed Hill’s Science Diet, particularly after the thorough research conducted for this blog post. The process revealed several misconceptions I previously held about the entire situation. I feel a sense of relief about this now, and I hope that my reporting helps others do the same.
Disclaimer: This blog post provides a general overview of Hill’s class action lawsuit and should not be construed as legal advice. For specific legal inquiries or concerns, please consult with a qualified attorney.
Footnotes
“FDA Alerts Pet Owners and Veterinarians About Potentially Toxic Levels of Vitamin D in 33 Varieties of Hill’s Canned Dog Food in Expanded Recall” ↩︎
FDA Warning Letter to Hill’s Science Diet, November 2019 ↩︎
Hill’s Science Diet Press Release “2019 Voluntary Canned Dog Food Recall: United States” ↩︎
Veterinary Information Network: “Supplier identified in Hill’s pet food vitamin D-related recalls” ↩︎
Hill’s Class Action Settlement Case No. 2:19-md-02887-JAR-TJJ ↩︎
“Sunshine Mills, Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“Nutrisca Issues Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
Nutrisca “Natural Life Pet Products Expands Recall of Dry Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“In Association With Sunshine Mills, LIDL Voluntarily Recalls Orlando Brand Grain Free Chicken & Chickpea Superfood Recipe Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“Wet Noses Natural Dog Treat Company® Voluntarily Recalls Simply Nourish Brand Frozen Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“Fromm Family Foods Voluntarily Recalls Four Star Shredded Entrée Canned Food for Dogs Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“Tuffy’s Pet Foods; Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of a Limited Quantity of Pure Vita Salmon Entrée Dog Food in a Tetrapak Carton Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
“Nestlé Purina Petcare Company Voluntarily Recalls Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets El Elemental Dry Dog Food in the U.S. Due to Potentially Elevated Vitamin D” ↩︎
Welcome to the third installment of my series uncovering the controversial and misleading aspects of the documentary “Pet Fooled.”
In this chapter, I’m going explore the intricacies of pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and the rise of holistic pet food elitism.
Join me as I dissect the narrative presented in “Pet Fooled,” aiming to separate fact from fiction and shed light on the complexities of pet nutrition.
In case you missed it, I’ve linked Part One and Part TWO below!
Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.
Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)
Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)
Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)
Pet Fooled Recalls
In Pet Fooled, the narrator digs into pet food recalls, in particular notable ones such as Pentobarbital (euthanasia drug) and Melamine, which I will cover in depth below.
The narrator recounts the poignant narratives of several pet owners deeply entangled in legal proceedings linked to these specific incidents.
While these issues in pet food are inexcusable, there have been many dangerous problems associated with raw pet food, too, including bacterial contamination, nutrient deficiencies, and high copper levels.1
Pet Fooled advocates for raw feeding as a solution to what it perceives as shortcomings and safety problems related to commercial pet food. The documentary suggests that raw diets, which typically consist of uncooked meat, bones, and organs, mimic the natural diet of wild animals and offer superior nutrition for pets.
Consider Darwin’s raw food2 . This brand is promoted in the film as a safe food “free of pathogens”. Their use of a chemical called “PAA – Peroxyacetic Acid)”3 is not approved for use in pet food, and the company is well-known for its blatant and public refusal to recall contaminated food.
I believe the overriding theme here is that pet parents should be concerned about recalls and food manufacturing processes. However, Pet Fooled significantly neglects to address the substantial contributions of raw and boutique pet food brands to this issue.
Here is a great video that covers the issues with Darwin’s Raw Pet Food in more detail:
Replying to @Renn an absolutely interesting read! I’ve pointed out in previous videos that many raw food companies want salmonella to be allowed in pet food…to the point of suing the organizations to allow it. Their argument is not all salmonella is pathogenic. But what happens when a prominent raw company tests positive for pathogenic salmonella? Turns out…nothing good. There may one day be studies about PAA in raw pet food that make this discussion a moot point. Unfortunately, until then this raw food company uses an unapproved product on their pet food, ignores calls to recall their food and misleads their consumers about pets falling ill.
The melamine pet food recall of 2007 stands as one of the most significant incidents in the history of pet food safety.
It originated when an ingredient manufacturer deliberately adulterated their products with melamine, a toxic chemical compound used in plastics and fertilizers. Melamine had been added to wheat gluten and rice protein concentrate to artificially inflate the protein content, making the products appear more nutritious.
This ingredient was sold by the supplier for use in both human and pet foods. In other words, it was “human grade”.
Tragically, this adulteration led to widespread contamination of pet food, affecting over 150 brands and resulting in the illness and death of many pets across the United States.
The melamine pet food recall served as a wake-up call for the pet food industry, highlighting the importance of robust quality control measures, transparency in the supply chain, and regulatory oversight to ensure the safety and integrity of pet food products.
Adulterants like melamine and pentobarbital should never be present in pet food. Because of this, pet food companies, unfortunately, may not have been previously aware of the need to test for these particular substances. There are thousands of potential contaminants that might affect any kind of food on the market, including fresh and raw.
Pet Fooled portrays the melamine recall as evidence that commercial kibble pet food is inherently unsafe, while blatantly overlooking the crucial role that the recall ultimately played in enhancing the safety of pet food products.
The melamine pet food recall happened 18 years ago at this point, and many changes have been made since that time. Many (though not all) pet food companies have overhauled their sourcing and ingredient testing protocols, and that’s a positive move in the right direction.
Pentobarbital Euthanasia Drug in Pet Food Recall
The pentobarbital recall5 refers to a series of incidents where, before the melamine recall, traces of pentobarbital, a euthanasia drug, were found in certain pet food products.
Pentobarbital is sometimes used to euthanize animals, and its presence in pet food products raised questions about how it could have entered the supply chain. I covered this topic in depth, in an article titled “Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food”.6
The FDA maintains a zero-tolerance policy for pentobarbital in pet food and contrary to what is implied in Pet Fooled, this is not an ongoing or concerning problem.
Milo’s Chicken Jerky and Pet Fooled
Pet Fooled also talks about the social frenzy surrounding Milo’s Chicken Jerky treats, which lasted nearly 6 years.
The convergence of social media proliferation and heightened concerns about manufacturing processes and ingredient sourcing have created an ideal environment for pet owners to attribute illnesses to pet food and treats.
We saw this play out again in 2023-2024 with the “Purina Panic”7, a now-debunked social media phenomenon that led to thousands of people blaming Purina and other kibble brands for their pets veterinary problems and deaths.
A family highlighted in Pet Fooled attributed the death of their pet to Milo’s Chicken Jerky.
However, their pet’s demise was actually due to a common condition known as “bloat” or “GDV” (gastric dilatation-volvulus), which affects large and giant breed dogs. This condition, often genetic, involves the dog’s stomach flipping, and the consumption of chicken jerky would have been unrelated to its occurrence in their pet.
The FDA looked into the reports and complaints and found nothing wrong with Milo’s treats until 2013 when trace amounts of antibiotics were found. They were recalled again in 2018 for elevated levels of beef thyroid hormone.
Neither of these contaminants would be associated with deaths or severe illness, and while both of those are inexcusable from a manufacturing standpoint, stories of widespread harm remain unproven.
Social Media & Its Role in Creating Panic
In the aftermath of the Melamine recall, single instances of pet illness have repeatedly triggered widespread social media frenzies or specific brands and ingredients.
These social media frenzies often lead to rapid dissemination of information, with pet owners sharing anecdotes and experiences, often without full context or verification.
While it’s essential for pet owners to stay informed and advocate for their pets’ health, the proliferation of unverified information can also fuel unnecessary panic and misinformation.
In many cases, a single story of illness can quickly snowball into widespread fear and distrust of specific pet food brands or ingredients.
However, it’s important to approach such incidents critically and seek out reliable sources and evidence-based information before drawing conclusions or making decisions about pet nutrition.
Pet Food Manufacturers Sourcing & Quality Control
For pet owners rightfully concerned about the sourcing practices of pet food companies, the most effective approach is to inquire directly. Regrettably, misinformation often circulates implying that certain brands source all of their ingredients from low-quality suppliers or China.
However, without thoroughly investigating each company’s actual practices, it’s challenging to ascertain the validity of such claims.
As part of my ongoing commitment to finding the truth about pet food, I found this incredible document from Nestle Purina8, which outlines their responsible sourcing standard in depth. This document is a great example of what you want to see from a pet food company.
As mentioned in part two, a demand for transparency is important. This demand must hold small boutique and raw pet food companies to the same standard.
Here are some things pet parents can do:
Ask the brand how many quality checks are performed each day, across all stages of production.
Verify that the brand is keeping batch samples and lab testing the food often for nutrient levels and contamination.
Look into the company recall history, and determine if the recalls were a sign of due diligence and a commitment to pet safety, or if they signal a bigger problem with quality control.
Verify that the brand has multiple highly qualified food safety, nutrition research, veterinarians, and board-certified nutritionists on staff who stand behind the food because they put their hard-earned education, sweat, and tears into it.
Dr. Em is a practicing veterinarian who posts science-backed information about pet health, including nutrition. This video on choosing pet food should provide valuable insight, and balance the often controversial and misleading content promoted by “Pet Fooled”.
Veterinary Prescription Diets
In “Pet Fooled,” veterinary prescription diets are subjected to scrutiny, with the documentary casting doubt on their formulation, marketing, and suitability for pets’ health needs.
However, it’s essential to recognize that veterinary prescription diets are meticulously formulated to address specific health conditions in pets, such as kidney disease, urinary tract issues, and food allergies.
These diets undergo rigorous testing and adhere to strict nutritional standards to ensure their efficacy and safety under veterinary supervision.
While “Pet Fooled” may question the ingredients used in these diets, it’s important to understand that ingredients such as hydrolyzed proteins, novel proteins, and therapeutic additives serve specific therapeutic purposes and are recommended by veterinary professionals based on scientific evidence.
Therefore, while the documentary may raise concerns about veterinary therapeutic diets, these concerns are only based on emotional reactions to the perceived “issues” with certain ingredients.
Pet owners must consult with their veterinarians to determine the most appropriate diet for their pets’ individual health needs.
Dr. Em hits it out of the park once again, with this phenomenal video debunking many common myths about veterinary prescription foods.
Holistic Pet Food Elitism & Final Thoughts
Holistic pet food elitism, as portrayed in various discussions and documentaries like “Pet Fooled,” revolves around the belief that select “premium” and minimally processed pet foods labeled as “holistic” or “natural” surpass conventional commercial pet diets.
The implication is that opting for anything other than raw, homemade diets, or certain premium kibbles may be seen as providing lesser care for your pet.
Echoing this sentiment, Dr. Becker asserts that feeding anything else amounts to “nutritional abuse.”
However, “holistic” and “higher quality” foods often come with a hefty price tag, placing them beyond the means of many devoted pet parents. Worse, many of these “better” or more “holistic natural” diets are unbalanced, may cause nutritional heart disease, can be subjected to recalls, and may contain pathogens and bacteria.
Science, and history, prove this.
“Higher quality” foods are not immune to any of the problems implicated by the film. They aren’t a magic solution, nor is there any proof that they are inherently and always better.
My point is to say that shaming pet parents for choosing the food they can afford to feed their pets is never ok.
Unfortunately, Pet Fooled staked a claim on that belief and used their platform to shame millions of pet parents into feeding their pets potentially unbalanced and often unaffordable diets.
There are many affordable, high-quality options out there and at Hello Danes, we will never, ever shame somebody for choosing a science-backed, well-studied food like Dog Chow.
While “Pet Fooled” raised valid concerns about pet food safety and manufacturing practices, it opted to sensationalize information, fostering an elitist mindset surrounding pet food selection.
Instead of promoting an informed and balanced discussion, “Pet Fooled” contributed to the polarization of perspectives on pet nutrition, hindering productive and science-backed dialogue on this important topic.
It is for that reason that Pet Fooled gets a resounding thumbs down from me.
As someone who advocates for veterinary science and nutrition based on thorough research, I found myself drawn to the documentary “Pet Fooled,” which sets its sights on problems with the pet food industry and aims to promote the benefits of raw feeding.
In part two below, I’m digging into the pet industry as it relates to marketing, FDA regulations, AAFCO, manufacturing practices, and by-products. As always, I’m citing my sources and striving to bring you ethical, honest, and truthful information.
Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.
Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)
Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)
Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)
Pet Fooled Documentary and Pet Food Marketing
20 minutes into the film I found something I agreed with the producers on. If Pet Fooled had exclusively covered this topic and left the raw vs. kibble debate out of the equation, they would have had my vote.
Pet food marketing often utilizes visually appealing packaging and persuasive messaging to attract consumers and convey the idea that their product is the best choice for pets.
The colorful imagery of fresh meats, vibrant vegetables, and wholesome ingredients creates an impression of healthfulness and quality.
Additionally, marketing tactics such as claims of using “super-premium” or “all-natural” ingredients, endorsements by veterinarians or “pet nutritionists”, and labels indicating specific health benefits further reinforce the perception that these products are superior.
However, behind the eye-catching packaging and persuasive slogans, the actual nutritional content and quality of these pet foods may vary significantly.
This problem is not isolated to kibble brands. Fresh and raw pet food companies do it, too.
Pet Fooled raised an important concern about how marketing tactics can often confuse consumers and manipulate our emotions.
However as they had done before, they then did a swan dive into the deep end.
A montage of labels, slogans, and ingredients was presented as a means to tap into viewers’ emotions with the implication that all of those things are bad.
It doesn’t matter how much research we have out there showing us that some of those perceived ‘bad’ ingredients are beneficial, there is no middle ground on Pet Fooled.
Recall Dr. Karen Becker’s assertion in part one, where she contends that anything aside from a raw meat diet constitutes “nutritional abuse.”
Like all things in pet nutrition, this answer is not that black and white.
Pet Food Ingredients
“Pet Fooled” emphasizes the importance of reading ingredient lists on pet food labels as a means of evaluating the quality and nutritional value of the product.
However, they oversimplify the issue by implying that the presence of certain ingredients automatically makes certain pet foods inferior or harmful.
Without proper guidance from qualified professionals, solely relying on ingredient lists to choose pet food can be problematic and may result in suboptimal nutrition or even nutritional deficiencies for pets.
Without expanding so much as to bloat this article up with too much information, here are some veterinary nutritionist articles regarding commonly vilified ingredients such as corn and by-products.
Veterinary Nutritionists (who are infinitely more qualified to discuss pet nutrition than a holistic wildlife veterinarian), prioritize the final nutrient profile and bioavailability over specific ingredients.
Ultimately, the effectiveness of pet food hinges on its ability to deliver results, a complexity that far surpasses the debate between corn and organic farm-raised lentils.
Here is an informational video, from a veterinarian, regarding corn in pet food:
Replying to @misiu Corn gets a lot of ire in pet food, often mislabeled as a “filler” or something with “no nutritional value.” We know that’s not true by the nutrient profile alone. Whole corn is typically not used in kibble, so saying “my pet defecates corn” is a silly argument. If you ate pistachios in the shell vs once shelled it’s a different beast all together. Corn gluten helps to acidify the urine, which is great in our cats with crystals. Corn oil has linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid – meaning dogs and cats cannot synthesize it themselves and it MUST be added to food. Corn oil is one way to do this. Sources: Dr Avi Deshmukh, nutrient profile for corn
High Temperature Kibble Extrusion, Cancer & Pet Health
“Pet Fooled” raises concerns about the high-temperature processing methods used in the manufacturing of pet food.
The theory linking high-temperature kibble extrusion to cancer and negative impacts on pet health is largely unfounded. While some critics suggest that the heat processing methods used in kibble manufacturing could potentially create harmful compounds or degrade the nutritional value of ingredients, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited.
The extrusion process is carefully controlled and monitored by pet food manufacturers to ensure that it meets strict quality and safety standards.
As pet owners become increasingly concerned about the processing methods used in traditional extruded kibbles, the popularity of ‘baked’ dog foods has surged as a perceived solution. However, it’s important to recognize that the baking process doesn’t necessarily eliminate concerns about high temperatures. Some ‘baked’ kibbles may be exposed to temperatures of 300-500 degrees Fahrenheit during production.
When you bake muffins in your home oven, they are subjected to higher temperatures and for longer durations than kibble, which may only be in the extruder for 30-90 seconds.
Additionally, numerous studies have found no direct causal link between consuming extruded kibble and an increased risk of cancer or other health issues in pets.
This, naturally, circles us back to the questionable marketing claims propagated by pet food companies, influencers, and pet stores. They all vie to convince us that their product reigns supreme in terms of health, safety, and innovation.
Yet, without substantiating evidence from rigorous peer-reviewed research and scientific inquiry, should we truly place our trust in those claims?
Many veterinarians agree that a balanced diet, regardless of its form, is key to maintaining optimal health in pets. Perhaps a well-formulated kibble produced under tried and true quality control protocols and manufacturing processes isn’t so bad, after all.
It’s essential to evaluate pet nutrition claims critically and rely on evidence-based research when making decisions about pet food choices.
FDA Regulations on Pet Food in Pet Fooled
When it comes to the safety and quality of our pets’ food, understanding the regulations set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is important.
Pet Fooled slams the FDA, citing a lack of oversight leading to widespread problems with pet food safety. I’ll dig into this more below, but the narrator implies that all big pet food manufacturing is dirty and corrupt.
The documentary questions the quality of ingredients used in commercial pet foods and highlights instances where low-quality or controversial ingredients are included.
I’m glad I sat down and watched the documentary as well because the visual aspect of the film is intentionally crafted to provoke concern and emotion about pet food.
The documentary features footage of decaying carcasses, animals in ditches, roadkill, and maggots, all interwoven with a narrative that suggests these “4D Meat” elements are commonly found in our pets’ food.
Pet Fooled wants viewers to believe that manufacturers are regularly grinding up rotting dead, diseased, dying, and disabled animals to include in their formulas.
Pentobarbital (Euthanasia Drug)5 and Melamine have been the subject of major pet food recalls, there is no disputing this. These incidents originated with the suppliers and went unnoticed by the manufacturers during production. The critical oversights behind these major recalls prompted industry-wide changes.
However, there is no proof of major corruption or widespread ongoing problems. The FDA specifically prohibits contaminated meat from being used in pet food, and many pet food companies have thrown out bad batches of food and issued recalls in compliance with these regulations.
Remember, pet food companies cannot make money if they are selling us dirty food that harms our pets.
Last week I finished an article called “Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food” that may be of interest. While the concept of shelter pets and decayed horses being trucked to the pet food manufacturing plant is sensational, it’s a myth.
Why does Pet Fooled persist in propagating that misconception? It all boils down to financial incentives. By steering consumers away from properly formulated and safe kibble brands, they stand to gain market share for their holistic online courses, supplements, and food brands.
This is ALWAYS a hot topic when discussing pet food – recalls. Recalls are neither good nor bad, they just are. Obviously you don’t want your own food to be recalled, but brands should do quality control in order to ensure safety. No recalls does not mean a company is perfect – it can be due to a lack of an screening and underdiagnosing issues with said food. What I think is always very telling is when the FDA recommends a recall and the company refuses. This is a huge red flag as both a consumer and a veterinarian.#greenscreen
There are concerns about the lack of transparency in labeling, making it difficult for pet owners to fully understand what they are feeding their pets.
Pet Fooled is correct about this. I’ve spent hours of my life tracking down nutritional information such as calcium and copper levels or who formulates the food, things that pet owners should have easy access to.
It’s shocking how many companies simply cannot, or will not provide that information.
Many others will use slick language to gloss over their responses to WSAVA guidelines7 for manufacturing and formulation processes.
Having investigated well over 400 companies at this point, I can definitively say that it’s the smaller companies who are the least transparent. To give just a few examples, Diamond, Victor, AllProvide, Darwin, and Inukshuck have all been very difficult to get real answers from.
Meanwhile, Purina, Hill’s, Royal Canin, and some other big players have been open, honest, and quick to respond with verifiable answers.
A call for transparency requires that ALL pet food manufacturers provide nutrient, sourcing, and manufacturing information on request, to anybody who asks, and without fluffing up their answer to hide the truth. That’s something I can get behind.
Nutritional Adequacy in Pet Foods
Pet Fooled also addresses the issue of nutritional adequacy in pet foods, emphasizing the importance of balanced diets for pets’ health and well-being.
Many raw pet food brands, which are championed by the holistic veterinarians featured in the film, do not test for or publish their nutrient levels. I find this to be quite ironic.
AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) is not a regulatory agency. Instead, it is an organization that establishes guidelines and standards for pet food and animal feed. While AAFCO develops nutritional profiles, labeling requirements, and ingredient definitions, it does not have regulatory authority to enforce these standards. Regulatory enforcement is typically the responsibility of state departments of agriculture, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and other governmental agencies.
The documentary questions the adequacy of AAFCO’s standards in ensuring that pet foods meet the nutritional needs of pets. It suggests that while AAFCO sets minimum standards for pet food ingredients and labeling, these standards may not always reflect the best nutritional practices for pets.
Additionally, “Pet Fooled” raises concerns about the reliance on feeding trials and laboratory testing to determine nutritional adequacy, suggesting that these methods may not always accurately represent real-life feeding conditions for pets.
Could feeding trials be better? Possibly! Is that an excuse for pet food companies to not do them at all? Nope.
Part three is next!
Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.
Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)
Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)
Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)
Pet Fooled is a documentary that gained popularity in 2016 and has resurfaced on social media, drawing renewed attention. Pet parents worldwide are streaming it on platforms like Netflix and YouTube, prompting many to modify their pets’ diets based on the documentary’s content. Having never seen it, I watched Pet Fooled so you don’t have to.
Why did I do this? Numerous veterinarians and researchers have voiced their opinions on “Pet Fooled,” but the consensus is overwhelmingly negative. They argue that it is misleading and riddled with inaccuracies, leading pet owners down the wrong path when it comes to feeding their pets.
On the other side of the spectrum, many pet owners, natural pet stores, influencers, and a handful of fringe holistic practitioners praise and endorse the documentary.
I was curious to understand the reasons behind the hype surrounding Pet Fooled. If you choose to watch it with me, I highly recommend going into it with an open mind AND a healthy dose of skepticism.
Here is what I learned from watching Pet Fooled.
Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.
Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)
Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)
Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)
What is the Pet Fooled Documentary?
“Pet Fooled” is a documentary film released in 2016 that examines the commercial pet food industry and advocates for alternative feeding practices for pets.
The film raises concerns about the ingredients and nutritional quality of mass-produced pet foods and suggests that they may be harmful to pets’ health.
“Pet Fooled” includes discussions with holistic veterinarians and pet owners who provide their insights into the pet food industry and its impact on pet health. They advocate for alternative feeding methods for pets, and ask pet owners to “do more research”.
What Veterinarians are Featured in Pet Fooled?
Dr. Karen Becker:
Qualifications: Dr. Becker is a proactive and integrative wellness veterinarian with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
Her passion lies primarily in wildlife rehabilitation.
Background: She is known for her holistic approach to pet health and has authored several books on pet care and nutrition. In addition, she has courses, a community, and an online shop where pet parents can purchase content, supplements, and food.
She is well known for her association with quack Dr. Mercola and controversial journalist Rodney Habib
Dr. Barbara Royal:
Qualifications: Dr. Royal is a veterinarian with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
Background: She specializes in holistic veterinary medicine and is the founder and owner of The Royal Treatment Veterinary Center in Chicago.
Dr. Barbara Royal has authored a book where she shares her holistic approach to pet care, offering insights and advice on nutrition, preventive medicine, and holistic healing for pets.
Dr. Lisa Pierson:
Qualifications: Dr. Pierson is a veterinarian who earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
Background: She is a strong advocate for raw feeding and specializes in feline nutrition.
Dr. Pierson runs a popular website dedicated to feline nutrition education.
It’s important to note that all the veterinarians showcased in “Pet Fooled” adhere to the “Holistic” and “Integrative” pet care philosophy, a perspective criticized for its tendency to reject mainstream scientific practices, avoid evidence-based approaches, and represent a minority opinion within the veterinary community.
All three veterinarians who are interviewed in Pet Fooled also work as influencers, generating income through the sale of items such as food, supplements, online courses, memberships, and books. It’s crucial to recognize this aspect, as their viewpoints may be influenced by their financial interests.
My Approach to Watching and Debunking Pet Fooled
As a proponent of science and a staunch advocate for evidence-based veterinary practices, I anticipated watching Pet Fooled might be challenging. I decided that it was important for me to keep an open mind, as many people love this film.
I leashed up my muscular, athletic little Purina-fed dog, put the documentary on my headphones (podcast style), and started on the trail for an hour-long walk with Dr. Karen Becker in my ear.
This allowed me to digest the information without frantically scribbling notes. My feet pounded the pavement as I took in every bit of classical music and the words that were fed to me in the documentary.
Don’t worry, I later sat down to properly watch it, too. The visual aspect of Pet Fooled is part of its message, and I wanted to be prepared for it.
Pet Fooled presents controversial narratives and makes a lot of questionable claims to support their position that kibble is unsafe, unhealthy, and not nutritious.
Pet owners who wish to be fully educated about nutrition should continue reading below because I’m going to break this down and cite my sources. Dig in…
Raw Dogging Raw Dog Food
Author’s Note: This article is not meant to be a kibble vs. raw debate, but I did feel it important to address the claims made in Pet Fooled. As always, talk to your veterinarian and feed what works best for your pet and family.
In the film, Dr. Karen Becker is seen using bare hands to handle raw pet food from the company “Northwest Naturals” as she prepares meals for several dogs and cats in her home. A similar scene is repeated a few minutes later, when Dr. Barbara Royal is introduced to us while giving her excited, happy dog his dinner.
It’s long been proven that raw meat, including that used in raw dog food, can contain bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Listeria monocytogenes, which may cause illness in both dogs and humans.
Dr. Barbara Royal pulls a package of Darwin’s Raw Pet food out of a bag and says to her dog “Do you know why you don’t look 12 years old? Because your parents feed you EXCELLENT food…”
Once her dog is finished eating its Darwin raw food meal, Dr. Royal gets on the floor and lets her pet lick her face.
She says “Do I worry about them eating raw food and then licking me? No. I do not. [laughs]. Because the fact is, there aren’t any pathogens in that raw food. Because they’re careful with it.”
So there it is. The first blatantly misleading and false statement in Pet Fooled.
The truth is that Darwin’s Natural Pet Products has had a sordid history of recalls due to contamination with pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes (this topic alone requires an entire blog post).
Recalls for bacterial contamination in pet foods are not uncommon. Controlling pathogens requires exceptional quality control, especially for raw brands.
Dr. Becker claims that the dog’s acidic stomach is there to neutralize bacteria. However, numerous reports and studies show that dogs fed contaminated food will shed those bacteria in their saliva and stool. Those bacteria are not, in fact, “neutralized” but rather, are alive and well.
One study found that human stomachs are more acidic than dog stomachs!
MISINFO MONDAY : dogs and salmonella -dogs stomachs are acidic, but humans are more acidic. Humans can get salmonella, which tells us the pH of a stomach isn’t the whole picture -bacteria like salmonella have found ways to evade the acidic environment of the stomach, making gastric pH alone irrelevant -asymptomatic dogs can and do shed salmonella, meaning it’s not killed by the stomach -there is no evidence that raw fed dogs have any immunity to this. The case I saw was a raw fed dog and it did not survive. One health tells us we shouldn’t just focus on the pet, but the owner as well. Salmonella is infectious to humans and we should be stewarts of health!
Not even 10 minutes into the film, I already have so many questions. The laissez-faire approach to bacterial contamination, especially coming from veterinarians (who should be very averse to disease and pathogens because they know what it can do to the body) surprised me.
This doesn’t even touch on the subtle product placement. It could be interpreted as a clear endorsement for those companies, with both veterinarians and the producers likely receiving substantial compensation for featuring them in the film.
I did try to watch this with an open mind, so I moved on from the misleading nature of those scenes and continued my journey with “Pet Fooled”.
Biologically Appropriate Diets for Dogs
In the next section of the Pet Fooled, the topic of “biologically-appropriate” or “species-appropriate” diets is brought up.
Dr. Karen Becker is a wildlife rehabilitation veterinarian, known for her expertise in treating and caring for injured and orphaned wild animals.
Wild animals have very different dietary needs from domesticated animals. By its very nature, domestication changes animal’s gut microbiome and how they digest and utilize foods that are available to them.
In Pet Fooled, Dr. Becker claims that dogs “come from wolves and should eat a raw meat diet“, as if all of our pets were wild animals living in our homes.
I went digging for the science on this one. Exciting innovations in genome research have brought us a lot of new information about our pets’ ancestors, and researchers have found that domesticated pet dogs need a different diet than wolves.6
The idea of a raw all-meat feast loaded with by-products (liver, bone, kidney) inspired by our dog’s wild ancestors seems nice until you consider that pet dogs live their lives indoors and don’t have to hunt and fight for their food every day.
Dr. Becker ultimately states that feeding pets a “non-biologically appropriate diet” (aka, kibble) as a type of “nutritional abuse.“
The implication that the majority of pet owners worldwide are “abusing their pets” by feeding them kibble is significant. It’s sensational, misleading, and disingenuous.
She explains that wolves and dogs share 99% of the same DNA. To put this into perspective, humans and chimps share 99% of the same DNA too, but you don’t see many humans consuming raw mice, raw monkeys, roots, bark, soil, and insects.
Furthermore, it’s worth noting that the majority of raw pet food diets do not include scavenged trash, rodents, beavers, squirrels, insects, or other dogs (wolves will eat their dead). This is important to acknowledge, especially considering the “biologically appropriate” principle often cited by advocates of raw feeding.
Domestication changes the gut and eating habits. Thanks to science, humans have benefitted from cooking and a sophisticated supply chain that offers us a wider variety of foods than ever before.
Raw vs. Kibble Nutritional Research
Dr. Becker suggests that the absence of research proving raw food to be the superior diet is due to “a lack of funding.” This deficiency in research is cited as one of the reasons why veterinarians refrain from recommending raw diets, alongside concerns about bacterial contamination risks.
She then goes on to mention that kibble companies have “not produced research proving that kibble is nutritious and healthful“, but they have.
Purina, Hill’s, and Royal Canin have poured millions of dollars into dedicated research not just for nutrition, but veterinary science as well.
Purina sells one of the only foods on the market (Dog Chow) backed by a lifetime feeding study, and this is just one of thousands of studies done on pets and their nutritional needs.
One raw pet food company, Instinct, is aiming to address this by putting funds towards researching raw diets. This is a promising move in the right direction, away from speculation and anecdotes, but far from robust.
Do Major Kibble Companies Influence Veterinary Classes?
Pet Fooled boldly states that big kibble manufacturers have a significant presence in veterinary schools, influencing the curriculum and shaping students’ perceptions of pet nutrition.
The narrator goes on to mention that there is a lack of education on raw diets in veterinary schools, too. Of course there, is, there isn’t much (if any) legitimate research proving that raw is safe and nutritious.
Because Pet Fooled only shared one side of this discussion, I’m going to share the other.
While the extent of industry influence remains a subject of contention, transparency and critical evaluation of educational materials are essential to uphold the integrity of veterinary education.
Understanding pet nutrition necessitates a foundation in science and research, and with rare exceptions, it is the major kibble manufacturers that are actively engaged in these endeavors.
Numerous peer-reviewed publications by these companies have contributed a wealth of information, ranging from strategies for treating bladder stones to mitigating the risk of bone growth issues in puppies.
Isn’t that what we want our up-and-coming veterinarians to be learning about?
Advocates for raw feeding could occupy a similar platform and impart peer-reviewed research and knowledge to veterinary schools; however, they choose not to.
Throwing stones at veterinary schools, practicing veterinarians, and major kibble companies without constructive contributions does little to support their argument.
Here is a great video from a veterinarian about this topic:
I was tagged in this video, and as always I’ll hide the face/account. This is a fairly typical string of half truths and full out misinformation. They claim vets get one day of nutrition education, that it’s taught by certain pet food companies, and that we’re all owned by a corporate entity. Nutrition is more than a class – it’s the fifth vital sign. To say that nutrition isn’t a part of EVERY class shows a misunderstanding of both nutrition AND vet school education. A simple search will show most curriculums have a semester of nutrition, and those that don’t supplement it through other classes and clinics. It’s always so interesting that these people claim vets are somehow bought and sold by these companies, yet don’t extend the same blame to their discount codes or owning an actual food store. They directly profit off their misinformation, but vets are seen as the bad guy. I’m sure you’re tired of hearing me debunk these myths but they just don’t go away. They find some new way to spin the tired old lie. Why? They have no science or studies to back up their point of view, so they have to attack veterinarians and discredit us.
This concludes part oneof my series on the Pet Fooled Documentary!
I’ve summarized the key claims from part one below:
Raw feeding is inherently safer and healthier than feeding kibble: While raw feeding advocates argue that it mimics a more natural diet for pets, there is insufficient scientific evidence to conclusively support the superiority of raw diets over commercial pet foods. Additionally, raw diets can pose risks such as bacterial contamination and nutritional imbalances if not carefully formulated and prepared.
Veterinary education is biased by pet food companies: While it’s important to recognize potential conflicts of interest, suggesting that pet food companies universally bias veterinary education oversimplifies the complex relationships between academia, industry, and professional organizations. Veterinary curricula typically include a broad range of nutritional education, including discussions on different types of pet diets.
These claims are contentious because they oversimplify complex issues and lack robust scientific evidence to support them.
It’s essential for pet owners to critically evaluate information presented in documentaries like “Pet Fooled” and consult with qualified veterinary professionals before making significant changes to their pets’ diets.
Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.
Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)
Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)
Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)
Footnotes
FDA Advisory to Pet Parents about Darwin’s Raw Pet Food October, 2023 ↩︎
FDA Recall Alert: Northwest Naturals Raw Food February, 2018 ↩︎
Merck Veterinary Manual Salmonellosis in Animals ↩︎
Axelsson, E., Ratnakumar, A., Arendt, ML. et al. The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. Nature495, 360–364 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11837↩︎
Diet Shaped Dog Domestication, Elizabeth Pennissi, 2013 “Genomic analysis reveals that dogs and humans walked similar evolutionary paths” ↩︎
Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs ↩︎
Recently, I was checking in on a Facebook group when somebody posted about their dog suffering from copper storage disease. This condition can cause permanent damage to the liver. It’s something veterinarians are seeing more and more of, and copper in dog food may be to blame!
Copper Storage Disease has primarily been seen as a genetic disorder, occurring in only a handful of breeds such as Bedlington Terriers, Labrador Retrievers, Dobermans, Dalmatians, and West Highland White Terriers.
The disease can also be influenced by dietary factors.
Recently, liver health and copper disease have been receiving media attention. Dog breeds that are not traditionally seen with this condition are popping up with it.
This topic has been covered by the AVMA, Tufts, Cornell University, and other well-respected veterinary organizations. As always, we approach articles with a research and evidence-based mindset. Read on!
Symptoms of Copper Storage Disease in Dogs
Copper Storage Disease, also known as copper-associated hepatopathy or copper toxicosis, is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver, leading to liver damage.
Common signs of Copper Storage Disease include lethargy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. As the disease progresses, jaundice may become apparent, characterized by yellowing of the eyes, gums, and skin due to liver impairment.
Dogs with Copper Storage Disease may also exhibit increased thirst and urination, accompanied by a swollen abdomen caused by fluid accumulation.
Behavioral changes, such as disorientation or seizures, can occur in advanced stages. Recognizing these symptoms promptly is crucial for seeking veterinary attention and initiating necessary diagnostic and treatment measures.
Veterinarians can detect early signs of disease by tracking liver health through blood tests. Additional diagnostic tools, such as an ultrasound, may be employed to exclude other liver-related conditions if there are concerns.
If an accumulation of excess copper in the liver is suspected, the veterinarian might suggest a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
How is Copper Storage Disease Treated?
Copper Storage Disease is treated with a strict low-copper diet and copper chelators which can bind to copper and remove it from the liver.
The medications used to treat Copper Storage Disease in dogs are expensive and have side effects.
For dogs that have accumulated dangerous levels of copper in their liver, however, this is the only way to improve their quality of life. Early detection is key.
There is a lot of misinformation out there about veterinary diets such as Hill’s L/D Chicken Flavor Dry Dog Food (Liver Care) or Royal Canin Hepatic, but this is a great example of a time when one is necessary. These diets are professionally researched, formulated, and tested to treat specific health conditions.
Copper is an essential part of a balanced diet. However, similar to other essential nutrients like Vitamin C or D, an excess can pose problems. Over-supplementing certain vitamins and minerals, including copper, can lead to toxicity in dogs.
I dug into some of the veterinary articles on this topic, and yes, some researchers are concerned about copper in pet food3. The rate of Copper Storage Disease seems to have risen, in tandem with two major changes in the last 20 years:
A switch from Copper Oxide to a more bioavailable form of copper, Copper Sulfate
Pet food trends that encourage demand for extremely nutrient-dense “holistic” diets that contain a lot of organs, meat, and certain plants such as flax seed, mushrooms, and sweet potatoes
While this trend is only a correlation (causation has not been determined), it’s worth examining. Let’s dig into both of those in more detail!
1. Copper Oxide vs. Copper Sulfate
In 1997, a suggestion was put forth to discontinue the use of Copper Oxide in pet food. This proposal stemmed from a study revealing its limited absorption and utilization by the body (refer to the study HERE).4
Pet food companies, on the advisement of AAFCO, switched to other forms of copper that are more bioavailable.
They are commonly seen on pet food ingredient lists as copper sulfate or copper chelates such as copper proteinate, copper amino acid chelate, chelated copper, copper lysine, and copper glycinate (among others). These refer to various forms of copper compounds with organic molecules bound to them for enhanced absorption and utilization in the body.
This move away from the use of copper oxide was done even though there had not been widespread concerns about copper deficiency in dogs.
2. Consumer Demand for Meat-Heavy Dog Foods
In recent times, a growing occurrence of Copper-Associated Hepatopathy could potentially be linked to the rising consumer demand for nutrient-dense pet foods rich in animal-based components and organ meats, often referred to as “natural diets” or “holistic diets”.
Organ meats in particular are high in copper (yes, this includes freeze-dried liver treats).
It’s worth noting that while the concept behind these types of diets is that they are more “natural”, a truly “natural” canine diet is technically based on prey behavior and scavaging. For wild dogs whose meals must be chased or found, days can go by with very little balanced nutrition.
Put simply, nature is not nice.
Pet dogs fed commercially prepared and extremely nutrient-dense “natural” diets are often provided more nutrition in a compact package than was ever a reality for “wild” dogs. Additionally, pet dogs typically do not engage in the level of athleticism and endurance required by animals who don’t have the comfort of a warm home and ready access to water.
The daily abundance of nutrients can pose health risks, as over-supplementation and over-feeding are recognized as significant issues in pet nutrition.
Later in this blog, I present data on the copper concentrations in various pet food brands, and unfortunately, the findings often support this argument. Many expensive, nutrient-dense pet foods do seem to trend high in copper.
Additionally, there is a trend favoring pet foods containing vegetables high in copper, such as sweet potatoes, further complicating the issue.
Determining whether a specific formula contains excessive or dangerous levels of copper is challenging due to various factors. The bioavailability of copper varies among different forms, and its intricate interactions with other nutrients can impact how the body manages or eliminates the surplus.
Here is an interesting and informative video:
How Much Copper is In Dog Food?
Different pet food brands and formulas contain varying levels of copper. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) establishes a minimum amount of copper that all pet foods must contain.
However, AAFCO does not set a maximum limit on copper levels (unlike Europe, which does).
It’s important to note that you don’t need to start scrutinizing ingredient lists or searching for low-copper diets for your pet based solely on this information. As long as a pet food meets AAFCO guidelines, it should technically be safe for healthy dogs to consume, regardless of the copper levels.
Despite various opinions on copper in pet food, the reality is that there isn’t sufficient data to confirm whether excessive amounts are harmful to all pets. As a result, some veterinarians and researchers, including 13 who advised AAFCO against setting a limit on copper in pet food, suggest that pet owners refrain from excessive worry on this topic.
For dogs with liver failure, scientifically formulated low-copper diets known as “Hepatic” diets are crucial.
However, for typical, healthy pets, following AAFCO guidelines should be sufficient.
That aside, there is generally no need for an abundance of copper in pet food anyway. Thus, it may be advisable for concerned pet parents to avoid foods with excessively high levels.
The potential impact of excessive copper levels in pet food on all dogs is not yet definitively established. However, erring on the side of caution by avoiding foods with elevated copper levels is fine if you have concerns about your pet’s health.
How to Find the Copper Level of Dog Food
In many cases, the only way to find out how much copper is in your pet’s food is by calling them and asking. While not all companies disclose this information, reputable ones typically have it and are willing to provide it upon request. (Keep reading! I’ve done a bunch of digging for you and made a chart below).
Because we don’t currently know what a truly safe “upper limit” is, the goal should be to compare several brands and steer clear of those on the high side.
When you are looking for this information, find it on a dry matter basis. This is very important, and something I cover more in-depth below!
The FEDAIF (European Pet Food Industry Federation) sets an upper limit of 28 mg/kg or 28 ppm for copper.
It may be advisable to choose foods that stay under 28 mg/kg whenever possible. Knowing that all AFFCO pet foods meet the minimum copper requirement necessary for health (remember, pets do need copper in their diet), a lower number is preferable.
During a recent wellness check for my pets, my fantastic veterinarian noted that over his decades of practice, he’s observed a rise in liver and kidney disease among pets. It’s become so prevalent that he now starts monitoring for early indicators of these conditions in pets age 6 and up.
We can’t be sure if copper is the definitive cause of that trend, but it does give me pause!
I did a little market research for you, and have shared the results on the table below!
Copper Concentrations of Popular Dog Foods
I contacted the following companies directly to create a table, which is current as of January 2024. In creating this data, I intentionally chose brands and formulas based on the following criteria:
Popularity in different pet food markets
Word on the street (some brands are “known” to be higher in copper)
Range of formulation types and proteins used
Most pet food companies have numerous formulas, so I pulled specific formulas at random from their product pages.
Some companies post copper content on their website. For the rest, I contacted each brand directly for this information. This list below is the most up-to-date data (2024) on copper levels in popular dog food brands.
As you’ll see on the chart below, the copper levels vary significantly across brands. Some appear notably high, while others are relatively low.
Particularly, hepatic diets are formulated with carefully controlled low copper levels, catering specifically to pets dealing with liver issues or copper storage disease. I’ve included a few of those on the list for comparison sake.
All values listed below are on a dry-matter basis, calculated with moisture removed. This standardizes comparisons between raw, fresh, and kibble products.
1 Mg/Kg = 1 ppm. For example, 13.00 Mg/Kg = 13 ppm.
Please note that just because the copper level appears acceptable, does NOT mean that the other nutrient and mineral levels are. Always verify the analysis for calcium/phosphorus too, especially when feeding large or giant breed dogs.
Food Brand & Formula
Copper in Mg/Kg (Dry Matter)
Annamaet Grain-Free Manitok
14.59
Annamaet Ultra
13.49
Diamond Naturals Grain Free Beef & Sweet Potato
17.00*
Eukanuba Large Breed Adult
13.00
Eukanuba Large Breed Puppy
12.00
Eukanuba Performance 30/20
11.00
Eukanuba Puppy Food (Lamb)
15.00
Fromm Beef Frittata Veg
26.37
Fromm Bonnehill Farms Beefibowl Beef
54.70
Fromm Bonnehill Farms Turkibowls
29.39
Fromm Duck ala Veg
13.23
Fromm Gold Large Breed Adult
13.36
Fromm Heartland Gold Adult
22.74
Fromm Highlander Beef, Oats, and Barley
17.67
Hill’s L/D Chicken Flavor Dry Dog Food (Liver Care)
7.00
Instinct Raw + Kibble Blend Grain-Free Chicken
15.53
Instinct Raw Frozen Chicken
39.00
Instinct Raw Frozen Rabbit
55.94
Inukshuck Marine 25
39.00**
Nature’s Logic Canine Beef Meal Feast
10.20
Nature’s Logic Distinction Pork
24.80
Nutrisource Beef & Rice
15.90
Nutrisource Pura Vida Chicken & Brown Rice
17.10
Nutrisource Element Wild Range
23.90
Open Farm Grain Free Wild Caught Salmon
19.57
Open Farm Grass Fed Beef Gently Cooked
26.88
Open Farm Homestead Turkey Rustic Stew
23.02
Open Farm Open Prairie Raw Mix
14.67
Open Farm Lamb & Ancient Grains
17.12
Purina Dog Chow Adult (Beef & Rice)
12.40
Purina Dog Chow (Lamb)
15.00
Purina ONE Large Breed Chicken & Rice
14.20
Purina Pro Plan Complete Essentials Chicken & Rice
16.90
Purina Pro Plan Large Breed Chicken & Rice
15.10
Purina Pro Plan Sensitive Salmon Large Breed
15.10
Purina Pro Plan Sport 30/20 Chicken
16.10
Royal Canin Hepatic (Liver Care)
7.00
Spot & Tango Fresh Beef & Millet
20.90
Spot & Tango Fresh Lamb & Brown Rice
20.40
Spot & Tango Fresh Turkey & Red Quinoa
19.70
Spot & Tango Unkibble Beef & Barley
21.90
Spot & Tango Unkibble Chicken & Brown Rice
14.60
Spot & Tango Unkibble Cod & Salmon
20.10
Spot & Tango Unkibble Turkey & Sweet Potato
15.90
Stella & Chewy Raw Blend Red Meat
45.40
Stella & Chewy Raw Blend Wild-Caught
24.20
Stella & Chewy Raw Coated Cage Free Duck
28.43
Stella & Chewy Raw Coated Wild Caught Whitefish
21.56
Stella & Chewy Dandy Lamb (Raw)
49.00
Stella & Chewy Super Beef (Raw)
44.14
Stella & Chewy Tantalizing Turkey (Raw)
19.57
Stella & Chewy Purely Pork (Raw)
33.30
Victor Beef & Rice
16.00
Victor Grain-Free Ocean Fish
16.00
Victor Professional
15.00
Wild Earth Maintenance Golden Rotisserie
26.80
Wild Earth Maintenance Classic Roast
20.70
Wild Earth Performance
19.80
Zignature Venison
15.15
Ziwi Peak Air Dried Beef
28.00
Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Chicken
26.00
Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Mackeral & Lamb
39.00
Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Tripe & Lamb
51.00
Ziwi Peak Canned Lamb
24.00
Ziwi Peak Canned Venison
22.00
*Diamond Naturals (Diamond, Taste of the Wild, Nutra Nuggets, Kirkland/Costco) provided me with incomplete and inaccurate information. This value may not be correct. I’ve included more information about this at the bottom of the post.
**Inukshuck Despite numerous requests, this particular brand has not responded regarding the dry-matter analysis of their copper levels. The as-fed amounts (which they did provide) range from a minimum of 27 mg/kg to as high as 39 mg/kg. It’s reasonable to anticipate that the dry-matter value will be even higher. Inukshuck is known to be a higher-copper brand.
There are thousands upon thousands of formulas and pet food brands to choose from. If you don’t see your food on the list above, contact the manufacturer and ask for the dry-matter copper value!
Avoid any company that refuses to provide this information or tries to divert your attention from it. If a company cannot or will not readily disclose the copper level in mg/kg on a dry matter analysis to anyone who asks for any reason, proceed with caution.
The copper levels in the chart above are accurate as of February 1st, 2024. It’s up to the consumer to verify those values, and to understand that the amount of copper in a food is not the whole story! Zinc, for example, can affect the bioavailability of copper.
The amount of copper a pet ingests may climb with the addition of toppers, supplements, and treats as well.
Which Pet Foods Are High in Copper?
High copper levels in pet food can be detrimental to the health of some pets, particularly for those who cannot effectively metabolize or excrete excess copper.
If you have a breed that is predisposed to copper storage disease, it is especially important to avoid nutrient-dense foods and toppers that are exceptionally high in copper.
While copper is an essential mineral for various bodily functions, excessive levels can lead to toxicity. It’s important to note that copper requirements vary among different species and breeds of pets, so what might be considered high for one could be normal for another.
Some ingredients commonly found in pet foods, treats, and supplements that are naturally high in copper include (but are not limited to):
Organ Meats: Liver, kidneys, gizzards, and heart
Fish: Salmon, trout, and shellfish
Nuts and Seeds: Sunflower seeds, cashews, and flax seeds
Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas, and beans
Mushrooms: Shiitake, oyster, portabello, button
Certain cereals: Oats, quinoa, and ancient grains
Pet owners should be cautious about feeding foods high in copper to pets, especially if they have conditions such as copper storage disease, liver disease, or are predisposed to copper toxicity because of their breed or pedigree.
Feeding commercial pet foods formulated by reputable brands that adhere to industry standards and conduct regular quality control measures can help ensure a balanced and safe diet for pets.
Many pet food brands have questionable practices that lead to inconsistencies in product safety and nutrient levels; copper, like calcium, should be well controlled. Additionally, many homemade diets (including Dr. Judy Morgan’s “Pup Loaf”) may contain excessive amounts of copper because of the meat and organs that are used.
Veterinarians and researchers recommend sticking to brands that meet WSAVA recommendations, including Purina, Hill’s, Science Diet, Eukanuba, and Iam’s.
The widespread practice of incorporating goat milk into pet foods, especially those abundant in meat and organs, may not be the healthy nutritional practice it was once believed to be.
Zinc can increase the absorption of copper from the pet’s diet as well. If zinc and copper are not balanced together in the formulation of the pet food, it can cause health problems in pets.
Both Zinc and Copper are commonly found in “Multi-Vitamin” pet supplements.
A lot of questions are also being raised about the role of zinc in the development of Copper Storage Disease.
As-Fed vs. Dry Matter Calculation
When calculating nutrient content in pet food, it’s necessary to understand the difference between as-fed and dry matter basis. I’ll try to break this down into simple terms!
As-fed refers to the nutrient content of the food in its original, as-packaged, and as-fed state, including moisture content. (Yes, even kibble has moisture! Around 10%).
Dry matter removes the moisture content from the equation to provide a more accurate representation of the nutrient composition.
This distinction is crucial because moisture content can significantly affect nutrient concentrations, especially in canned, raw, fresh, or wet foods where moisture levels are higher.
By converting nutrient values to a dry matter basis, pet owners and professionals can make more accurate comparisons between different pet food products.
When evaluating copper content in pet food, I recommend comparing only the dry-matter value.
Can I Detox My Dog from Copper & Other Heavy Metals?
If you are concerned your pet has been ingesting too much copper, you need to talk to a veterinarian.
The concept of “detox” is often oversimplified or exaggerated in popular culture, leading to misconceptions about its effectiveness and necessity. While the body does have natural processes for removing toxins, such as through the liver and kidneys, the idea of undergoing specific “detox” programs or interventions to rid the body of accumulated toxins beyond what these organs can handle is not supported by scientific evidence.
Many products and treatments marketed as “detox” methods lack rigorous scientific validation and may even be harmful. It’s essential to approach claims of detoxification with skepticism and prioritize evidence-based practices.
If your veterinarian is concerned about copper storage or other liver problems, they will recommend an appropriate diet and may prescribe medication to help.
Milk Thistle Detox for Dogs
A common ‘detox’ remedy suggested by pet owners and certain influencers is milk thistle (“Silymarin”).
Expanding on the limited efficacy and safety research surrounding silymarin, I’d like to note that while it’s often promoted as a natural liver detoxifier, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness and safety in dogs is limited.
Don’t skip seeing the vet because “Susie on Facebook” told you to give your dog a “liver cleanse” with milk thistle instead.
Low Copper Dog Food
Low copper dog food brands cater to the dietary needs of dogs requiring reduced copper intake, such as those with copper storage disease (hepatopathies).
These brands carefully formulate their recipes to contain minimal copper levels, ensuring the nutritional balance necessary for optimal canine health. Companies such as Hill’s Science Diet, Purina, and Royal Canin create specialized veterinary diets backed by research for this exact purpose! These foods typically require approval from a veterinarian.
By providing controlled copper content, these specialized dog foods help manage copper-related health conditions, promoting overall well-being and longevity in affected dogs.
For dogs that have not been diagnosed with copper storage disease or hepatopathies, it would be advisable to stick to well-formulated diets from brands such as Purina, Royal Canin, Hill’s, and Eukanuba. These diets’ copper levels consistently sit in a normal range, well below the European FEDAIC established maximum of 28 mg/kg.
If you’re considering preparing a home-cooked diet for your dog with conditions such as copper storage disease or any other health issue, it’s recommended that you work with a Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist. Find one HERE.
Voyager Dog Food (Formerly The Scoop)
After losing a dog to diet-associated Copper Storage Disease, a veterinarian created a pet food company specifically focused on eliminating this problem. The brand claims to use no Copper Sulfate or chelated copper in their formulations, instead relying on natural copper sources from meat and organs.
I inquired with Voyager Food for information on their copper, calcium, and phosphorus levels as this information was not easy to find on their website. Please note, that none of their formulas are appropriate for large or giant breed puppies.*
From what I can tell, a Ph.D. Nutritionist was involved in the formulation of the food; however, it is unclear if that person is on staff or simply a consultant.
Further, unless I learn otherwise, we can assume the food is co-packed in a large factory that makes many other brands.
So while it may be a promising option for some pet owners, I’m not convinced it’s the best or only option.
*Voyager Foods responded to my inquiry about feeding large and giant breed puppies, to which they replied: “At the puppy stage no, but we have seen the diet do great for that 6-month and up range. For us to meet that requirement for puppies we would have to add a copper supplement which we truly believe would go against everything we stand for.”
I would not feed this to any large or giant breed puppy under the age of 18 months of age.
How to Prevent Copper Storage Disease in Dogs
Because research is still needed to fully understand why diet-associated copper storage disease is on the rise, and why some dogs are more susceptible than others, there are very few regulations or recommendations for this.
Based on the data I’ve collected, I think it’s safe to say that the following practices could help minimize risk in some pets:
Feed a well-balanced diet with copper below 28 mg/kg, dry-matter basis
Take it easy on offering food, toppers, and treats that contain a lot of copper
Avoid regularly creating nutrient-dense food bowls that are loaded with high-copper ingredients such as goat milk, organs, flax seeds, mushrooms, and sweet potatoes
Do not give “multi-vitamin” supplements that contain copper and/or zinc
Reduce all of the above factors as much as possible if you have copper pipes or use well water that is untested and/or unfiltered
Stick to WSAVA-compliant food brands such as Purina, Hill’s, and Royal Canin
See your veterinarian often for checkups, and ask about monitoring liver and kidney health
Are you concerned about copper in your pet’s food? Have you had a problem with a pet experiencing copper storage disease or health problems related to the liver or kidneys? Please leave your comment below!
I, for one, look forward to seeing a LOT more research on this topic.
*Diamond Pet Food Response to Copper Levels in Pet Food
When I first inquired about copper levels in Diamond Pet Foods (a manufacturer whose brands include Diamond, Taste of the Wild, Kirkland/Costco, 4 Health, and Nutra Nuggets) they responded by telling me that all foods have 17 mg/kg of Copper.
Having noticed that all other pet food brands had variable copper levels based on the formula, I inquired further. It seemed odd to me that every formula had exactly 17 mg/kg.
It took them two days to respond, at which point a veterinarian returned this note to me:
“The copper level is an average level based on the typical analysis across the formulas as the majority of the copper in the recipes comes from the mineral premix. Ingredients that contribute significant copper, such as liver, are not included in any of our recipes.“
D. Wilhite, DVM Veterinary Team [Diamond Pet Foods]
This clues me into two major observations of Diamond pet foods:
They don’t have, or won’t share the specific copper levels of each formula (as they provided me with an “average” across all formulas
Consequently, they might not be consistently testing and verifying copper levels in their pet foods through laboratory analysis, which raises concerns regarding quality control
Diamond Brand does NOT meet WSAVA recommendations, as one of the guidelines is that the pet food company should be able to provide the nutrient level of all essential nutrients (which they have failed to do)
During my discussion with Diamond regarding pet food, they indicated that they do not employ a qualified nutritionist (DACVN or PhD in Nutrition) on their staff and primarily engage with consultants.
Interpret this information as you see fit; however, to me, it raises several red flags, especially if I’m concerned about copper in my pet’s food.
