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Category: Veterinary Science

  • Heart Murmurs In Dogs 101

    Heart Murmurs In Dogs 101

    Imagine this: you’re at the veterinarian for a routine checkup when they mention that your pet has a heart murmur. While this condition may seem daunting, it’s important to note that heart murmurs in dogs are not always catastrophic. Unfortunately, at times, they are indicative of a bigger problem.

    If your veterinarian has diagnosed your dog with a heart murmur, you must rule out more serious conditions. Start here for more information on causes and treatments!

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    Heart Murmur Levels in Dogs

    Veterinarians diagnose heart murmurs in dogs based on their intensity and characteristics, which are typically graded on a scale from I to VI.

    Here’s an overview of the different levels of heart murmurs in dogs:

    Grade I:

    • Grade I murmurs are the softest and often difficult to detect.
    • They may only be audible during careful auscultation in a quiet environment.

    Grade II:

    • Grade II murmurs are still relatively soft but can be heard more clearly with a stethoscope.
    • They may occur intermittently.
    • Monitoring and periodic reevaluation by a veterinarian are usually recommended.

    Grade III:

    • Grade III murmurs are moderate in intensity and can be heard readily with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall.
    • They may indicate underlying heart disease, such as valve abnormalities or congenital defects.
    • Further diagnostic tests, such as echocardiography, may be recommended to determine the cause and severity of the murmur.

    Grade IV:

    • Grade IV murmurs are loud and can be heard with the stethoscope barely touching the chest.
    • They often indicate significant heart abnormalities and may be associated with clinical signs such as coughing, exercise intolerance, or fainting.
    • Prompt evaluation by a veterinarian and initiation of treatment is typically necessary.

    Grade V:

    • Grade V murmurs are very loud and may be accompanied by palpable vibrations (thrills) over the chest wall.
    • They may indicate severe heart disease, such as advanced valve dysfunction or cardiomyopathy.
    • Immediate veterinary attention and aggressive management are crucial to stabilize the dog’s condition and improve its prognosis.

    Grade VI:

    • Grade VI murmurs are the loudest and most intense.
    • They are often associated with life-threatening conditions such as congestive heart failure or ruptured chordae tendineae.
    • Emergency veterinary care is required, and treatment options may be limited depending on the underlying cause and overall health status of the dog.

    Understanding the grading system for heart murmurs allows veterinarians to assess the severity of the condition and tailor appropriate treatment plans to manage the dog’s cardiac health.

    If your pet has been diagnosed with a heart murmur of any type, don’t panic. Your veterinarian will guide you on the next steps.

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    What Causes Heart Murmurs in Dogs?

    Heart murmurs in dogs can have various underlying causes, ranging from benign conditions to serious cardiac abnormalities. Some common causes include:

    Valve Abnormalities:

    • Degenerative valve disease: This is the most common cause of heart murmurs in older dogs. It involves progressive deterioration of the heart valves, particularly the mitral valve.
    • Congenital valve defects: Dogs may be born with malformed or abnormal heart valves, leading to turbulent blood flow and murmurs from an early age.

    Structural Heart Defects:

    • Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the septum (wall) between the heart’s ventricles, allowing blood to flow abnormally between the chambers.
    • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

    Cardiomyopathy:

    • Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): Characterized by weakened and enlarged heart muscles, leading to impaired pumping function and murmurs due to turbulent blood flow.
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): Thickening of the heart muscles, particularly the walls of the left ventricle, leading to abnormal blood flow and murmurs.

    Anemia:

    • Low red blood cell count or inadequate hemoglobin levels can cause turbulent blood flow through the heart chambers, resulting in murmurs.
    • Anemia may be caused by various factors, including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, or underlying health conditions.

    Hyperthyroidism:

    • An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) can lead to increased heart rate (tachycardia) and potentially murmurs due to altered blood flow dynamics.
    • Thyroid hormone imbalances can affect cardiovascular function and contribute to the development of murmurs.

    Other Causes of Heart Murmurs in Dogs

    • Heartworm disease: Infestation with heartworms can lead to pulmonary hypertension and murmurs due to increased pressure in the pulmonary artery.
    • Infections (e.g., endocarditis): Bacterial or fungal infections affecting the heart valves or lining can cause murmurs and other cardiac abnormalities.

    It’s important for veterinarians to thoroughly evaluate dogs with heart murmurs to determine the underlying cause and appropriate management strategy. Treatment may vary depending on the specific diagnosis and severity of the condition.

    You can read more about heart murmurs from Cornell University, HERE.

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    What are the Signs of Heart Problems in Dogs?

    Signs of heart problems in dogs can vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. However, some common signs to watch for include:

    1. Coughing: Persistent coughing, especially at night or during physical activity, can be a sign of heart disease in dogs.
    2. Difficulty Breathing: Labored or rapid breathing, especially at rest, can indicate heart-related respiratory distress.
    3. Exercise Intolerance: Reluctance to engage in physical activity or tiring quickly during exercise may be a sign of reduced cardiac function.
    4. Fainting or Weakness: Episodes of fainting or weakness, particularly during exertion or excitement, can be indicative of poor circulation or cardiac arrhythmias.
    5. Reduced Appetite or Weight Loss: Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss may occur in dogs with advanced heart disease.
    6. Abdominal Distension: Swollen or distended abdomen (ascites) due to fluid accumulation may occur in dogs with congestive heart failure.
    7. Bluish Discoloration of Gums: Cyanosis, or bluish discoloration of the gums or tongue, may indicate inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
    8. Restlessness or Anxiety: Dogs may exhibit restlessness, pacing, or anxiety, particularly if they are experiencing discomfort or difficulty breathing.
    9. Reduced Stamina: Decreased energy levels or reluctance to engage in normal activities may be a sign of underlying cardiac issues.
    10. Syncope (Fainting): Sudden loss of consciousness or fainting episodes can occur in dogs with severe heart disease, often triggered by exertion or excitement.

    It’s important to note that these signs can be nonspecific and may also be indicative of other health conditions. If you notice any of these signs in your dog, especially if they are persistent or worsening over time, it’s essential to seek prompt veterinary attention for a thorough evaluation and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Early detection and intervention can help improve outcomes and quality of life for dogs with heart problems.

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    When To See a Veterinary Cardiologist

    A board-certified veterinary cardiologist is a specialized veterinarian who has undergone advanced training and obtained certification in veterinary cardiology. To become board-certified, they must pass comprehensive examinations administered by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) in the subspecialty of cardiology.

    Board-certified veterinary cardiologists possess extensive knowledge and expertise in interpreting diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac imaging, allowing them to provide specialized care for pets with heart conditions.

    A veterinary cardiologist should be consulted when a dog is diagnosed with a heart condition or exhibits symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease, including heart murmurs.

    A veterinary cardiologist will assess your dog’s cardiac health through diagnostic tests, including echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and chest X-rays.

    Armed with that information, they will devise a personalized treatment plan, which may involve medications, surgical interventions, diet changes, or other therapeutic measures. They also guide you on long-term management and monitoring, while collaborating closely with your dog’s primary care veterinarian to ensure comprehensive care.

    If you visit with a Veterinary Cardiologist, it’s important to take their advice and adhere to the prescribed treatment protocol.

    While alluring “holistic” treatments such as homemade food and herbal remedies may be presented to you by influencers and other pet owners, they aren’t based on science and may do more harm than good.

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    Should I Get a Puppy With a Heart Murmur?

    Deciding whether to adopt or purchase a puppy with a heart murmur requires careful consideration and consultation with a veterinarian.

    While a heart murmur in a puppy may raise concerns, it’s important to understand that not all murmurs indicate serious underlying heart disease.

    In many cases, puppies may outgrow innocent or benign murmurs as they mature. However, if a murmur persists or is associated with other symptoms such as coughing, exercise intolerance, or fainting, further evaluation by a veterinarian, potentially including referral to a veterinary cardiologist, is necessary to determine the cause and severity of the murmur.

    Some puppies have heart murmurs because they were born with congenital defects. These defects are often preventable with ethical breeding practices. Tread cautiously when working with breeders who do not do OFA Cardiac testing on breeds that are prone to heart disease.

    Depending on the diagnosis and prognosis provided by the veterinarian, adopting a puppy with a heart murmur may still be feasible with proper management and care. Only you can determine if this situation is right for you and your family.

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    Do Grain-Free Foods Cause Heart Murmurs?

    The link between grain-free diets and heart murmurs in dogs has been a topic of concern in recent years. While grain-free diets themselves do not directly cause heart murmurs, there is growing evidence suggesting a potential association between certain types of boutique or grain-free diets and an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs.

    DCM is a serious heart condition characterized by weakened and enlarged heart muscles, leading to impaired pumping function. Historically, DCM has been more commonly associated with specific breeds or genetic predispositions. However, in recent years, an apparent increase in DCM cases, particularly in breeds not typically predisposed to the disease, has raised questions about potential dietary factors.

    Some research suggests that certain grain-free diets, especially those high in legumes (such as peas, lentils, and chickpeas) or potatoes, may be linked to an increased risk of DCM in susceptible dogs.

    These diets often rely on non-traditional protein sources and may have imbalanced nutrient profiles, which could contribute to the development of cardiac issues over time.

    However, it’s essential to note that the exact mechanisms and causative factors of diet-related DCM are still not fully understood, and ongoing research is needed to elucidate the relationship between diet and cardiac health in dogs.

    In light of these concerns, pet owners are advised to consult with their veterinarians to ensure that their dog’s diet is nutritionally balanced and appropriate for their individual needs.

    If a dog is diagnosed with DCM or exhibits symptoms of cardiac disease, including heart murmurs, dietary adjustments may be recommended as part of the overall treatment plan. Additionally, regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are crucial for early detection and management of potential heart issues in dogs, regardless of their diet.

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    How are Heart Murmurs Treated?

    Treatment for heart murmurs in dogs depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Here are some common approaches:

    Medications for Heart Murmurs in Dogs:

    • Diuretics: These medications help remove excess fluid from the body, reducing pressure on the heart and alleviating symptoms of congestive heart failure.
    • ACE Inhibitors: These drugs dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing the workload on the heart.
    • Positive Inotropes: These medications strengthen the heart muscle’s contractions, improving its pumping ability.
    • Antiarrhythmics: These drugs help regulate abnormal heart rhythms, reducing the risk of arrhythmia-related complications.

    Dietary Management:

    • Prescription Diets: Specialized diets formulated for heart health may contain specific nutrients or ingredients to support cardiac function.
    • WSAVA-Compliant Diets: For dogs with less serious heart conditions, a WSAVA-compliant age and size-appropriate diet (such as Purina, Hill’s Science Diet, or Royal Canin) is the safest choice.
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    Lifestyle Modifications:

    • Exercise Restriction: Limiting strenuous activity helps reduce the workload on the heart and prevents the worsening of symptoms.
    • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces strain on the heart and can improve overall cardiac function.

    Monitoring and Follow-Up:

    • Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Monitoring heart murmurs and assessing the dog’s response to treatment is essential for adjusting medications and managing the condition effectively.
    • Diagnostic Tests: Periodic echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and chest X-rays may be recommended to monitor the progression of heart disease and assess treatment efficacy.

    Interventional Procedures:

    • Surgery: In some cases, surgical interventions such as valve repair, pacemaker implantation, or correction of congenital heart defects may be necessary to improve cardiac function and alleviate symptoms.

    Pet owners should work closely with their veterinarians to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their dog’s specific condition and optimizes their cardiac health and quality of life.

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  • Is It Time To “Quit Kibble”?

    Is It Time To “Quit Kibble”?

    The newest trend in pet food marketing mirrors anti-smoking campaigns, urging people to “quit kibble,” “kick kibble to the curb,” and “ditch the burnt brown balls.”

    These phrases are saturating my news feed as part of the recent campaign to endorse “human grade,” “holistic,” and boutique pet food diets. They aim to evoke a strong response from pet owners, portraying kibble as an addictive, habit-forming, toxic substance that our pets desperately need our help to get away from.

    I find this type of marketing disingenuous and predatory. Let’s read into it a bit more…

    quit kibble

    Is Kibble Bad For Dogs?

    The term “quit kibble” suggests that dry dog food is harmful to dogs, urging us to break the habit similarly to quitting smoking or stopping nail-biting.

    Is kibble bad for dogs, though?

    Not necessarily!

    Kibble can be an incredibly convenient and balanced source of nutrition. When it is well formulated and meets WSAVA recommendations for manufacturing and nutrition science, it is also highly digestible and bioavailable.

    Our pet’s lifespans have increased dramatically in the last 40+ years, largely because kibble brings us the opportunity to easily feed our pets a nourishing and complete meal.

    Although a Google search might yield claims like “kibble causes cancer” and “fresh is best,” such assertions are seldom, if ever, supported by credible scientific evidence.

    The recent emphasis on alternatives and the “quit kibble” movement suggests a growing interest in exploring different diet options, often driven by the desire for more “natural” or specialized feeding approaches. This is understandable, but often misguided.

    Whether people want to believe it or not, a well-balanced kibble can be more nutritious, and safer, than some fresh options. It’s a mistake to outright believe that one choice is always superior when there are many other factors at play.

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    Negative Marketing in Pet Food

    Negative marketing in pet food involves promoting a product by emphasizing the perceived shortcomings or flaws of competing products rather than focusing solely on the strengths of the advertised product.

    This can include highlighting ingredients perceived as unhealthy, questioning the nutritional value of rival brands, or suggesting potential risks associated with consuming certain types of pet food.

    “Quit Kibble” and “Burnt Brown Balls” are fantastic examples of negative marketing used in the pet industry.

    In other examples, a pet food company might use negative marketing tactics by running advertisements or campaigns that criticize the use of fillers, artificial additives, or by-products in competitor products. They may also suggest that traditional kibble diets are insufficient or harmful compared to their own fresh or raw food options.

    While negative marketing can be effective in persuading consumers to choose a particular brand or product, it can also lead to a sense of fear or confusion among pet owners.

    Additionally, it may not always provide a complete or accurate representation of the nutritional value of competing products.

    Therefore, consumers need to research and evaluate pet food options carefully, considering a variety of factors beyond just marketing messages.

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    Is Kibble Burnt Brown Balls?

    Referring to kibble as “burnt brown balls” is a colloquial or informal way of describing dry pet food.

    While some kibble may have a brown color due to the cooking process, it’s important to note that not all kibble looks or tastes the same.

    The quality and appearance of kibble can vary depending on the ingredients used and the manufacturing process employed by different pet food companies.

    There is a pervasive myth out there that kibble is cooked at “high heat”. In reality, the manufacturing process occurs at a lower temperature, typically between 150 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, for a very short time.

    For perspective, that is even lower than the temperature used to bake muffins in a home oven, and it takes less time, too!

    How is Kibble Made?

    Kibble, or dry pet food, undergoes a manufacturing process known as extrusion. Initially, ingredients like meat, grains, vegetables, and essential nutrients are carefully selected and blended to form a consistent mixture.

    This blend is then cooked and processed to ensure uniformity and improve digestibility. Next, the mixture is fed into an extruder, where it undergoes heat and pressure to shape it into the familiar kibble form.

    Simultaneously, this process sterilizes the food to make it safe for consumption. After extrusion, the kibble is dried to reduce moisture content, increasing its shelf life and preventing spoilage. Some kibble may undergo additional coating with flavorings or additives to enhance taste and palatability.

    Finally, the finished product is packaged and prepared for distribution and sale, with stringent quality control measures in place throughout the manufacturing process.

    Cheerios are another example of an extruded food product.

    There is nothing “burnt” about this process, and I recommend asking bigger questions about pet food companies who engage in that kind of misleading marketing.

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    Does Kibble Contain Fillers?

    The term “fillers” can be subjective and may refer to ingredients that are added to pet food primarily to provide bulk or reduce production costs, rather than to contribute significant nutritional value.

    Many people consider ingredients like corn, wheat, rice, or soy as “fillers”; however, it’s important to recognize that these ingredients can serve as valuable sources of carbohydrates and other nutrients in pet food formulations.

    Corn, for example, is included in many dog foods for its nutritional value, providing carbohydrates, proteins, and essential nutrients like linoleic acid, which is crucial for dogs’ health.

    When properly processed, corn can be highly digestible, aiding in overall digestion and nutrient absorption. Additionally, its affordability compared to other grains or protein sources makes it an economical choice for pet food manufacturers, helping to keep costs down for pet owners.

    Many dogs also find corn-based dog foods palatable, ensuring they consume enough to meet their nutritional requirements.

    Logically, it makes no sense for kibble companies to use “fillers” with no nutritional value. Doing so would cost them more money during manufacturing, not less.

    The idea of fillers in pet food is a misconception that pet owners should actively work to disrupt. It’s high time to discard this outdated myth.

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    Should I Quit Kibble?

    Only if it aligns with your preferences and budget. Never make a change just because a pet food company or “holistic” influencer is attempting to attract your hard-earned money.

    There are legitimate reasons to opt for well-balanced fresh food choices, ideally formulated by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist, although such options are expensive and regrettably not widely available.

    On the other hand, kibble remains a perfectly nutritious and safe choice for feeding pets, and pet parents should never feel guilty for selecting what others mistakenly label as the ‘lower quality’ option.

    If you are struggling with choosing food for your dog, check out this phenomenal article from Tufts University Veterinary Sciences blog Petfoodology. This article offers guidance on making informed decisions regarding pet foods and advises on steering clear of questionable pet food marketing tactics, as highlighted in this post.

  • Fleas on Dogs 101

    Fleas on Dogs 101

    Fleas are more than just a nuisance for our canine companions—they’re persistent parasites that can cause discomfort and health issues (including tapeworms, yuck!) if left unchecked. As responsible pet owners, understanding the signs of flea infestations, knowing how to treat them effectively, and implementing preventive measures are necessary. Fleas on dogs are gross, and if you’ve landed on this post, you probably have questions about these tiny little bugs!

    In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the symptoms of fleas on dogs, discuss treatment options, and outline preventive strategies to help keep your furry friend flea-free and healthy. Whether you’re dealing with a current infestation or looking to safeguard your pet from future flea encounters, this resource aims to provide you with the knowledge and tools necessary for effective flea management!

    Fleas on Dogs

    What are the Symptoms of Fleas on Dogs?

    The symptoms of fleas on dogs can vary, but common signs to look out for include:

    1. Excessive Scratching and Biting: If your dog is constantly scratching, biting, or licking certain areas of their body, especially around the base of the tail, neck, or groin area, it may indicate flea bites.
    2. Redness and Irritation of the Skin: Flea bites can cause redness, inflammation, and small raised bumps on the skin. In severe cases, flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) can develop, leading to intense itching, hair loss, and skin infections.
    3. Presence of Flea Dirt (Feces) on the Fur: Flea dirt, which looks like small black specks or pepper flakes, is flea feces. You may notice it on your dog’s fur, particularly in areas where fleas are most active.
    4. Restlessness and Irritability: Infested dogs may exhibit behavioral changes such as restlessness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping due to discomfort caused by flea bites.
    5. Loss of Appetite: Some dogs may experience a decrease in appetite or reluctance to eat due to the discomfort associated with flea infestations.
    6. Excessive Grooming: Dogs may groom themselves excessively in an attempt to relieve itching caused by flea bites. This can lead to hair loss, irritated skin, and the formation of hot spots.

    Many people mistake these symptoms for food allergies and switch their pet’s food looking for a solution. However, in many cases, the dog is suffering from fleas or mite bites and irritation!

    If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, especially during warmer months, or if they have been in contact with other animals or infested environments, see a veterinarian.

    Read on for our tips to reduce flea infestations, soothe irritated skin, and prevent them from coming back.

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    What Do Fleas on Dogs Look Like?

    Fleas on dogs are small, wingless insects with flattened bodies that are well-adapted for moving through fur. They are typically reddish-brown in color and measure about 1-3 millimeters in length. When viewed up close, fleas appear narrow from side to side and elongated from top to bottom, giving them a flattened appearance.

    While adult fleas are relatively easy to see, they are adept at moving quickly through the dog’s fur, making them sometimes challenging to spot, especially in dogs with thick or dark coats. However, you may be able to detect fleas by parting your dog’s fur and examining areas where fleas commonly hide, such as around the neck, ears, groin, and base of the tail.

    Additionally, you may notice flea dirt, which looks like small black specks or pepper flakes, on your dog’s fur. This “dirt” is flea feces and is a telltale sign of flea infestation.

    It’s essential to regularly check your dog for fleas, especially if they seem uncomfortable, suffer from allergy-like symptoms, spend time outdoors, or interact with other animals. Early detection and prompt treatment can help prevent flea infestations from becoming more severe and causing discomfort for your pet.

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    The Best Veterinary Flea Treatment for Dogs

    Whether you like it or not, most flea infestations require something stronger than home remedies. There is a lot of misinformation about the safety of flea and tick medications, however, these concerns are largely unfounded.

    All medications, including home remedies for fleas, can come with side effects. However, failing to treat fleas on a dog can result in health problems that are much, much worse.

    Determining the best veterinary flea treatment for dogs depends on various factors, including the dog’s age, weight, health status, lifestyle, and the severity of the flea infestation. Here are some highly effective veterinary flea treatments commonly recommended by veterinarians:

    1. Prescription Flea Medications: Veterinarians often prescribe oral flea medications that contain active ingredients such as lufenuron, spinosad, afoxolaner, fluralaner, or sarolaner. These medications are available in chewable tablets or flavored soft chews and work systemically to kill fleas on contact or prevent flea reproduction. Examples include Comfortis, NexGard, Bravecto, and Simparica.
    2. Topical Spot-on Treatments: Topical spot-on treatments are applied directly to the skin, typically between the dog’s shoulder blades, and provide long-lasting protection against fleas and ticks. They contain ingredients like imidacloprid, fipronil, selamectin, or permethrin. Examples include Frontline Plus, Advantage II, Revolution, and Vectra 3D.
    3. Flea Collars: Veterinary-recommended flea collars contain active ingredients like imidacloprid, flumethrin, or deltamethrin and provide continuous protection against fleas and ticks for several months. Seresto is a popular veterinary-recommended flea collar known for its effectiveness and longevity.
    4. Prescription Flea Shampoos and Sprays: In cases of severe flea infestations or allergies, veterinarians may prescribe medicated flea shampoos or sprays containing ingredients like pyrethrins, permethrin, or selamectin. These products provide immediate relief by killing fleas on contact and soothing irritated skin.

    When selecting a veterinary flea treatment for your dog, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian to determine the most appropriate option based on your dog’s specific needs and circumstances. Additionally, follow the manufacturer’s instructions and dosage recommendations carefully to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the flea treatment.

    Regular veterinary check-ups and flea prevention measures are essential for maintaining your dog’s health and well-being.

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    Natural Flea & Tick Treatment For Dogs

    Natural flea and tick treatments can be effective for some dogs, but their efficacy may vary depending on factors such as the severity of the infestation, the dog’s sensitivity, and the specific products used.

    While a home remedy for fleas may not offer the same immediate and potent results as veterinary products such as Capstar and Advantage II, many pet owners believe them to be safer and more environmentally friendly.

    Note that essential oils (commonly used in “natural” flea and tick treatments) are chemicals that can be toxic to dogs. There is a lot more to consider than Earthy marketing!

    Here are a few natural flea and tick treatments that can be helpful. Major infections require veterinary treatment (there is no getting around this).

    1. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) Spray: Mix equal parts of water and apple cider vinegar in a spray bottle and apply it to your dog’s fur, avoiding sensitive areas like eyes and nose. The acidity of ACV repels fleas and ticks and soothes irritated skin.
    2. Diatomaceous Earth (DE): Food-grade diatomaceous earth is a fine powder made from fossilized algae. DE works by dehydrating and killing fleas and ticks upon contact. Read our blog post on the safety and efficacy of DE against fleas, as there are special considerations.
    3. Wondercide Flea & Tick Spray: this commercially available natural solution contains pet-safe essential oils to deter bugs. If you use anything with essential oils, stick to a well-known product like this one.
    4. Regular Grooming and Cleaning: Regularly groom your dog with a flea comb to remove fleas and ticks manually. Wash your dog’s bedding and vacuum your home frequently to eliminate flea eggs and larvae from the environment.

    While natural flea and tick treatments can be effective, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian before starting any new regimen, especially if your dog has existing health conditions or if you’re unsure about the safety of certain ingredients. Additionally, monitor your dog for any signs of sensitivity or adverse reactions to natural products and discontinue use if necessary.

    1. Repellent vs. Killer: Natural treatments often work as repellents rather than outright killers of fleas and ticks. They may help deter pests from latching onto your dog but may not eliminate existing infestations as quickly as chemical treatments.
    2. Frequency of Application: Natural treatments may require more frequent application compared to veterinary products to maintain their effectiveness.
    3. Environmental Management: Combining natural treatments with environmental control measures, such as regular grooming, washing bedding, and vacuuming, can enhance their effectiveness by targeting fleas and ticks at various stages of their life cycle.
    4. Individual Variation: Some dogs may respond well to natural treatments, while others may not experience significant relief. Factors such as the dog’s breed, age, health status, and environmental exposure play a role in determining treatment effectiveness.
    5. Consistency and Persistence: Consistent and persistent use of natural treatments is key to achieving optimal results. It may take time to see improvements, and regular maintenance is necessary to prevent re-infestation.
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    Does Dawn Dish Soap Kill Fleas on Dogs?

    Dawn dish soap may temporarily kill fleas on dogs, it is not considered safe for use on pets due to its harsh ingredients and potential for skin irritation. Despite its effectiveness in killing fleas, using Dawn dish soap on dogs can strip their skin of natural oils, leading to dryness, irritation, and potential long-term skin issues.

    Instead of relying on Dawn dish soap, it’s recommended to use veterinary-approved flea treatments and shampoos specifically formulated for dogs. These products are designed to effectively kill fleas while being gentle on your dog’s skin and coat.

    If you’re dealing with a flea infestation on your dog, consult with your veterinarian for safe and effective flea treatment options tailored to your pet’s individual needs. They can recommend the most appropriate flea control products and provide guidance on how to use them safely and effectively.

    Is Garlic Effective Flea Control For Dogs?

    While some pet owners believe that garlic can be effective for flea control in dogs, there is limited scientific evidence to support its efficacy, and its safety remains a subject of debate among veterinarians.

    Garlic contains compounds called thiosulfates, which, when ingested in large quantities, can be toxic to dogs. Ingesting garlic in high doses can lead to a condition called hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed, potentially resulting in weakness, lethargy, pale gums, and even death in severe cases.

    While the amount of garlic typically used in homemade flea remedies is unlikely to cause immediate harm, long-term or repeated exposure to garlic can pose health risks to dogs. Additionally, the effectiveness of garlic as a flea repellent or treatment is questionable, as fleas may not be significantly deterred by the consumption of garlic.

    Instead of relying on garlic for flea control, it’s recommended to use veterinary-approved flea preventatives specifically formulated for dogs. These products are safe, and effective, and provide comprehensive protection against fleas, ticks, and other parasites. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, maintaining a clean living environment, and minimizing exposure to infested animals and environments are essential components of a comprehensive flea control strategy.

    If you have concerns about fleas or are considering alternative flea control methods for your dog, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. They can provide guidance on safe and effective flea control options tailored to your pet’s individual needs and circumstances.

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    Diseases Caused by Fleas on Dogs

    Fleas on dogs can transmit various diseases and health issues, posing risks to both pets and humans. Some of the diseases caused by fleas on dogs include:

    1. Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD): FAD is a common allergic skin reaction in dogs caused by flea bites. Dogs with FAD may experience intense itching, hair loss, redness, and skin irritation. Continuous scratching can lead to secondary bacterial infections and exacerbate the condition. Many pet owners mistakenly misdiagnose this condition as “food allergies”.
    2. Anemia: Severe flea infestations can cause anemia in dogs, especially in young puppies or small breeds. Fleas feed on blood, and heavy flea infestations can lead to significant blood loss over time, resulting in weakness, lethargy, pale gums, and even collapse in severe cases.
    3. Tapeworm Infection: Fleas serve as intermediate hosts for tapeworms, parasitic worms that can infect dogs when they ingest fleas during grooming. Symptoms of tapeworm infection in dogs may include scooting, weight loss, vomiting, and the presence of rice-like segments (tapeworm segments) in the feces or around the anus.
    4. Hemoplasmosis: Fleas can transmit hemotropic mycoplasmas, bacterial organisms that infect red blood cells, leading to hemoplasmosis in dogs. Symptoms may include anemia, weakness, lethargy, fever, and jaundice.
    5. Bacterial Infections: Flea bites can introduce bacteria into a dog’s skin, leading to bacterial infections such as impetigo or cellulitis. These infections may cause skin redness, swelling, pain, and the formation of pus-filled lesions.
    6. Vector-Borne Diseases: Fleas can transmit various vector-borne diseases to dogs, including:
    • Bartonellosis: Bartonella bacteria transmitted by fleas can cause bartonellosis in dogs, leading to fever, lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, and potentially more severe symptoms.
    • Murine Typhus: Fleas infected with Rickettsia typhi bacteria can transmit murine typhus to dogs, resulting in fever, lethargy, joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
    • Cat Scratch Disease: Fleas can transmit Bartonella henselae bacteria to dogs, causing cat scratch disease, which may present with fever, swollen lymph nodes, and flu-like symptoms.
    4 7

    Where Do Dogs Get Fleas From?

    Dogs can get fleas from various sources, including:

    1. Other Animals: Dogs can pick up fleas from direct contact with other infested animals, such as stray dogs, cats, rodents, or wildlife. Fleas can easily transfer from one animal to another during social interactions, playing, or grooming.
    2. Environment: Flea eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult fleas can be present in outdoor environments, including yards, parks, and wooded areas. Dogs can inadvertently pick up fleas while exploring or spending time outdoors, especially in areas frequented by wildlife or other infested animals.
    3. Indoor Spaces: Fleas can hitch a ride into indoor environments on clothing, shoes, or belongings and establish infestations in homes. Once indoors, fleas can thrive in carpets, upholstery, bedding, and cracks and crevices, providing ample opportunities to infest dogs and other pets.
    4. Flea Infested Items: Dogs can acquire fleas from infested items such as bedding, blankets, carpets, and furniture. Flea eggs, larvae, and pupae may hide in these items and emerge as adult fleas, leading to infestations in dogs and their living spaces.
    5. Grooming Facilities or Boarding Kennels: Dogs may come into contact with fleas while visiting grooming facilities, boarding kennels, or pet daycare centers where infested animals are present. Poor hygiene practices or inadequate flea control measures in these environments can contribute to the spread of fleas among dogs.
    6. Travel: Traveling to areas with higher flea populations or staying in accommodations where infested animals have been present can increase the risk of dogs encountering fleas.

    To prevent flea infestations, it’s essential to regularly inspect dogs for fleas and ticks, use veterinary-approved flea preventatives year-round, practice good hygiene, maintain a clean living environment, and minimize exposure to infested animals and environments. Additionally, consulting with a veterinarian for personalized flea control recommendations can help protect dogs from the discomfort and health risks associated with flea infestations.

  • Why Is My Dog Throwing Up After Eating?

    Why Is My Dog Throwing Up After Eating?

    Experiencing your beloved canine companion throwing up after eating can be distressing and concerning for any pet owner. Concerns about toxins, mold, and disease come to mind. Some may panic about heavy metals in their pet’s food.

    While an occasional episode of vomiting may not always be a cause for alarm, frequent occurrences can indicate underlying health issues that require attention.

    Similar to humans, dogs can experience digestive issues that lead to vomiting after meals. In this blog post, we will examine the potential causes behind this unsettling behavior and offer guidance on the necessary steps to take next.

    Why Is My Dog Throwing Up After Eating?

    Why Is My Dog Throwing Up After Eating?

    There are several reasons why a dog might vomit after eating, ranging from mild to serious issues. If your vet is appearing lethargic, disoriented, or weak, see a veterinarian immediately!

    Here are some potential reasons for why a dog might throw up after eating:

    1. Dietary indiscretion: Dogs are notorious for eating things they shouldn’t, such as table scraps, garbage, or spoiled food. This can lead to upset stomach and vomiting. Even if you believe your pet hasn’t ingested anything they shouldn’t have, it’s essential to recognize that this is a very real and common occurrence.
    2. Food intolerance or allergy: Some dogs may have sensitivities or allergies to certain ingredients in their food, leading to vomiting as a reaction. This occurrence would be rare and requires a veterinary diet elimination trial to rule out.
    3. Overeating: Eating too much food too quickly can overwhelm a dog’s digestive system, causing vomiting.
    4. Gastrointestinal issues: Dogs can suffer from various gastrointestinal problems like gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or gastrointestinal obstructions, all of which can cause vomiting.
    5. Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can lead to vomiting, especially after eating fatty foods.
    6. Infections: Viral or bacterial infections, such as parvovirus or gastroenteritis, can cause vomiting as a symptom.
    7. Toxic ingestion: Ingestion of toxic substances like plants, household chemicals, or certain human foods (e.g., chocolate, xylitol) can result in vomiting.
    8. Motion sickness: Some dogs may vomit in response to car rides or other forms of motion.
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    Dog Ate Something They Shouldn’t and is Vomiting

    If your dog has consumed something they shouldn’t have and is now vomiting, act swiftly!

    Do your best to identify what your dog ingested and any potential signs of toxicity. Then immediately contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal clinic to seek guidance.

    If your pet ingested something they shouldn’t have but appears stable, you can contact the Pet Poison Poison hotline for advice. This is a paid service, but if you have pet insurance, it may be covered.

    Provide them with detailed information about the ingested substance, the time it occurred, and any accompanying symptoms your dog is displaying.

    While monitoring your dog closely, refrain from attempting to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a veterinary professional, as some substances can exacerbate the situation if brought back up.

    Pay close attention to any changes in your dog’s condition, such as increased lethargy or distress, and follow any advice provided by your vet, which may include seeking immediate veterinary care or administering first aid at home.

    Do not give your dog hydrogen peroxide without veterinary guidance.

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    Toxic Ingestion in Dogs

    Toxic ingestion in dogs occurs when they consume substances that are harmful to their health.

    The following things are toxic to pets and may require immediate attention:

    • Grapes
    • Chocolate
    • Onions
    • Certain plants (indoors and out)
    • Many wild mushrooms
    • Many essential oils
    • Rat poison
    • Household chemicals and cleaning agents
    • Automobile fluids such as gas and oil
    • Coolant (for your car, which is often sweet to the taste and thus appealing)
    • Xylitol (found in candy and gum)
    • Medications (including pet medications on which they may overdose)
    • Weed and other recreational drugs

    In many cases, if your dog is throwing up because they ate something toxic, it’s an emergency. Go to the veterinarian immediately.

    Symptoms of toxic ingestion vary depending on the substance ingested but may include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, seizures, difficulty breathing, and collapse.

    Unless a veterinarian or the pet poison hotline tells you to, refrain from using hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting in your dog. This outdated practice is associated with many complications and may alter the way a veterinarian can treat your pet.

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    Dog Illnesses that Cause Digestive Problems

    Several illnesses and conditions can cause dogs and puppies to vomit. All of these require immediate veterinary care (I’m sensing a theme here!).

    1. Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic) or dietary factors.
    2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
    3. Foreign Body Ingestion: Swallowing objects like toys, bones, or pieces of clothing can cause blockages in the digestive tract, leading to vomiting among other symptoms.
    4. Parasitic Infections: Infestations with parasites such as roundworms, hookworms, or giardia can cause gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting.
    5. Liver or Kidney Disease: These conditions can lead to vomiting as well as other symptoms like jaundice, increased thirst, and changes in urination.
    6. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), or bloat: A serious condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists, often seen in large, deep-chested breeds. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention. Dogs with bloat will often attempt to vomit but may be unable to produce anything.
    7. Parvo: this serious and deadly condition is preventable with vaccination. It is most often seen in puppies (who aren’t fully vaccinated), however, all dogs are at risk.
    Dog throwing up after eating

    My Dog Eats Too Fast and Throws Up

    It’s common for dogs to eat too quickly, leading to vomiting. Contrary to popular belief, a dog shouldn’t wolf down their meal and lick the bowl clean.

    Rapid eating can cause your dog to swallow air along with their food, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort and sometimes regurgitation.

    Here are some steps you can take to help your dog slow down while eating and reduce the chances of vomiting:

    1. Slow-Feeding Bowls: Use specially designed slow-feeding bowls or puzzle feeders that have obstacles or compartments, making it more difficult for your dog to gulp down food quickly. I like the Kong Wobbler and this viral bone bowl.
    2. Small, Frequent Meals: Instead of feeding your dog one or two large meals per day, consider splitting their daily food portion into smaller, more frequent meals. This can help prevent your dog from feeling overly hungry and devouring their food too quickly.
    3. Hand Feeding: If your dog’s eating habits are severe, consider hand-feeding them small amounts of food at a time. This allows you to control the pace at which your dog eats and can help prevent vomiting. You can keep the food in a treat pouch and use it for training rewards, too!
    4. Food Moistening: Adding water or low-sodium broth to your dog’s kibble can help slow down eating and also provide additional hydration. Stuff the rehydrated food in a West Paw Toppl and use this as enrichment.
    5. Medical Evaluation: If your dog continues to vomit frequently despite your efforts to slow down their eating, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Persistent vomiting could indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention.
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    Pancreatitis Symptoms in Dogs & Puking

    Pancreatitis in dogs presents with various symptoms, with vomiting being one of the hallmark signs.

    Alongside vomiting, dogs with pancreatitis may exhibit abdominal discomfort, decreased appetite, lethargy, and in some cases, fever and diarrhea.

    The vomiting may occur repeatedly and can sometimes contain bile or blood. Pancreatitis requires medical treatment, including fluid therapy, pain management, and dietary adjustments.

    Untreated pancreatitis can lead to severe complications. Go to the vet!

    Your veterinarian can perform diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and create a tailored treatment plan to address your dog’s specific needs.

    Treatment of pancreatitis commonly involves administering intravenous fluids to address dehydration and restore electrolyte balance. Pain management medications may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort, while antiemetics can help control vomiting.

    Depending on the severity of the condition, nutritional support may involve withholding food temporarily to allow the pancreas to rest before gradually reintroducing a bland, easily digestible diet such as Hill’s Science Diet Low Fat i/d Digestive Care (only available through your veterinarian).

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    Is Purina Making Dogs Throw Up and Have Seizures?

    In 2023, a post on social media went viral, suggesting that Purina dog food contained toxic levels of heavy metal and was causing dogs to throw up, have seizures, and die.

    The original post was debunked and has since been removed. Despite this, a group of fringe “holistic” veterinarians and one of the plaintiffs in the Hill’s Science Diet Vitamin D recall lawsuit used the social panic over Purina Food to build engagement with their content.

    They led and fostered the creation of a fringe extremist community whose beliefs ride on the idea that all kibble is toxic and that veterinarians are intentionally harming pets with food, vaccines, and medications.

    This has led to a flood of misinformation circulating on social media platforms concerning veterinarians, Purina, and other kibble brands. If you’ve heard chatter about Purina food being toxic, or veterinarians harming pets for profit, it’s likely coming from this group.

    Tread cautiously with social misinformation and double-check the sources of where you hear things.

    If your pet is throwing up after eating kibble, and you are concerned that the food itself is the cause, keep the food (in the original bag) and see a veterinarian.

    Blood and stool samples can help your veterinarian determine if your pet has ingested something toxic. If the food might be a possible suspect based on the evidence at hand, your veterinarian can facilitate the next steps.

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    Salmonella and Bacteria Making Dogs Sick

    Salmonella and certain types of bacteria can indeed cause dogs to vomit. Despite a common myth suggesting dogs are immune due to their stomach acidity, they’re still susceptible. Contrary to popular belief, dogs’ stomachs are less acidic than those of humans.

    While a dog is less likely to show severe symptoms than a human, the bacteria load can make them feel icky and can be damaging to their internal gut health.

    1. Salmonella: Dogs can become infected with Salmonella bacteria through consuming contaminated food, such as raw meat or eggs, kibble that has been recalled, or through contact with feces (including their own) from infected animals. Salmonella infection, known as salmonellosis, can lead to symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody), fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. It can be particularly dangerous for young puppies, elderly dogs, or those with weakened immune systems.
    2. Other Bacterial Infections: Various other bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter, or Clostridium perfringens, can also cause gastrointestinal infections in dogs. These bacteria are commonly found in contaminated water, soil, or raw food. Symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration.

    Dogs with bacterial infections can shed the bacteria in their stool and saliva, putting humans at risk, too.

    Preventing bacterial infections in dogs involves practicing good hygiene and food safety measures. Here are some tips:

    • Proper Food Handling: Ensure that your dog’s food is handled and stored safely, especially raw meat and eggs, to prevent contamination with harmful bacteria like Salmonella.
    • Cooking: Cook meat thoroughly before feeding it to your dog to kill any potential bacteria. Avoid feeding raw meat diets unless properly prepared and handled to minimize the risk of bacterial contamination. Note that raw meat diets are associated with a much higher risk of medication-resistant bacteria such as E. coli.
    • Hand Washing: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling raw meat or coming into contact with feces, and encourage family members to do the same.
    • Clean Environment: Keep your dog’s living environment clean, including their food and water bowls, bedding, pooping, and living areas, to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.
    • Regular Veterinary Care: Ensure your dog receives regular check-ups and vaccinations to help maintain their overall health and immune function, which can reduce the risk of bacterial infections.

    If you suspect your dog has ingested something contaminated with bacteria or if they show symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea, consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. In severe cases, bacterial infections may require antibiotics or other medications to resolve.

  • What To Do If Your Dog Has a Seizure

    What To Do If Your Dog Has a Seizure

    If your dog experiences a seizure, it can be a frightening and distressing situation. However, it’s crucial to stay calm and take appropriate steps to ensure your dog’s safety. Here’s some information on what seizures look like in dogs, what causes them, and what you should do if your dog has a seizure.

    What to do if your dog has a seizure

    What Does a Seizure Look Like in a Dog?

    Seizures in dogs can manifest in various ways, depending on the type and severity of the seizure. If you have seen your dog exhibit any of the following symptoms, they may have experienced one and need to see a veterinarian.

    Here are some common characteristics of seizures in dogs:

    1. Convulsions: This is the most recognizable sign of a seizure. It involves uncontrolled muscle contractions, often causing the dog’s body to stiffen and jerk. The legs may paddle, and the head may tilt or shake.
    2. Loss of Consciousness: During a seizure, a dog may lose consciousness or appear disoriented. They may not respond to their name or familiar stimuli.
    3. Excessive Drooling: Dogs may drool excessively during a seizure, sometimes accompanied by foaming at the mouth.
    4. Involuntary Urination or Defecation: Seizures can cause loss of bladder or bowel control due to muscle spasms.
    5. Altered Behavior: Some dogs may exhibit unusual behaviors before, during, or after a seizure, such as pacing, whining, or hiding.
    6. Aura: In some cases, dogs may experience an “aura” or pre-seizure phase characterized by restlessness, anxiety, or unusual behavior shortly before the seizure occurs.
    7. Post-Ictal Phase: After the seizure ends, dogs may enter a post-ictal phase characterized by confusion, disorientation, weakness, or temporary blindness. This phase can last from minutes to hours.
    8. Vocalization: Some dogs may vocalize during a seizure, such as barking, whimpering, or howling.

    It’s important to note that not all seizures look the same, and the severity and duration can vary. Additionally, some seizures may be focal, affecting only one part of the body, while others may be generalized, involving the entire body.

    If you suspect your dog is having a seizure, it’s essential to stay calm, ensure their safety, and seek veterinary care promptly. Your veterinarian can help diagnose the underlying cause of the seizures and recommend appropriate treatment and management options.

    8 4

    What To Do If Your Dog Has a Seizure

    If your dog experiences a seizure, or if you think they may have, it can be a frightening and distressing situation. However, it’s crucial to stay calm and take appropriate steps to ensure your dog’s safety.

    Here’s what you should do if your dog has a seizure:

    1. Stay Calm: Your dog can sense your emotions, so it’s important to remain as calm as possible. Panicking may agitate your dog further.
    2. Ensure Safety: Move any objects or furniture that could harm your dog during the seizure. Create a safe space by cushioning the area around them. Make sure your pet cannot fall off of a couch or bed during the seizure.
    3. Time the Seizure: Note the time when the seizure begins and ends. This information will be valuable for your veterinarian. Write it down ASAP, as your memory of the event may be clouded by the stress you experienced when it happened.
    4. Do Not Restrain: Avoid restraining your dog during a seizure. This could lead to accidental injury to you or your pet. Instead, gently guide them away from potential hazards.
    5. Protect Their Head: If your dog is thrashing, gently place a soft cloth or towel under their head to prevent injury.
    6. Observe and Record: Note the duration and characteristics of the seizure. Pay attention to any unusual behaviors or symptoms your dog exhibits before, during, and after the event. As above, writing this information down as soon as you can will help you better remember it.
    7. Keep Quiet: Reduce noise and disturbances around your dog to minimize stress.
    8. Stay Nearby: Keep a close watch on your dog until the seizure subsides. Reassure them with a soothing voice once the seizure ends.
    9. Consult a Veterinarian: After the seizure, contact your veterinarian for guidance. They may recommend bringing your dog in for an examination to determine the underlying cause and discuss potential treatment options.
    10. Follow-up: Follow any instructions provided by your veterinarian and continue to monitor your dog for any recurring seizures or changes in behavior.
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    How are Seizures in Dogs Treated?

    Treating seizures in dogs involves addressing the underlying cause, managing the frequency and severity of seizures, and providing supportive care. Never attempt to treat seizures at home. Always consult with a veterinarian.

    Here are common treatment approaches for seizures in dogs:

    1. Medication: Anticonvulsant medications are often prescribed to control seizures. These medications, such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide, or levetiracetam, work to stabilize brain activity and reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. The dosage and type of medication may vary depending on the individual dog’s needs and response.
    2. Dietary Management: Your veterinarian can recommend an appropriate diet based on your dog’s condition and nutritional needs. Note that there is not a lot of research supporting the use of a ketogenic diet to treat dog seizures, and some diets may interfere with medications. It’s important to talk to your veterinarian about feeding your pet.
    3. Monitoring and Adjustments: Regular monitoring of your dog’s seizure activity and response to medication is essential. Your veterinarian may need to adjust the medication dosage or try different medications to achieve optimal seizure control while minimizing side effects.
    4. Addressing Underlying Conditions: If seizures are caused by an underlying medical condition, such as liver disease, kidney disease, or a brain tumor, treating the underlying cause is crucial. This may involve additional diagnostic tests, surgery, or other medical interventions.
    5. Avoiding Triggers: Identify and minimize potential triggers that can provoke seizures in your dog. This may include managing stress, maintaining a consistent routine, and providing a safe and comfortable environment.
    6. Emergency Care: In cases of prolonged or severe seizures (status epilepticus), emergency veterinary care may be necessary to stabilize the dog and prevent complications. Intravenous medications may be administered to stop ongoing seizures and prevent further brain damage.
    7. Lifestyle Modifications: Certain lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, adequate rest, and stress management techniques, may help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in some dogs.

    Overall, managing seizures in dogs often requires a multi-faceted approach tailored to the individual dog’s needs and circumstances. Close collaboration between you and your veterinarian is essential to develop an effective treatment plan and optimize your dog’s quality of life.

    16 2

    What Causes Seizures in Dogs?

    Seizures in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors and some may be out of your control.

    Common causes of seizures in dogs include:

    1. Epilepsy: This is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures without an identifiable underlying cause. It can be genetic and may develop later in life.
    2. Toxins: Ingestion of certain toxins, such as pesticides, rodenticides, plants (like certain mushrooms or toxic plants), or household chemicals, can lead to seizures (more on this below).
    3. Metabolic Disorders: Conditions such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), liver disease, kidney disease, or electrolyte imbalances can trigger seizures.
    4. Infections: Infectious diseases like distemper, encephalitis, or meningitis can affect the brain and cause seizures.
    5. Trauma: Head injuries or trauma to the brain can result in seizures.
    6. Brain Tumors: Tumors or masses in the brain can cause seizures as they put pressure on surrounding brain tissue.
    7. Idiopathic Vestibular Disease: This condition affects the inner ear and can sometimes lead to episodes resembling seizures, although they are not true seizures. Read more HERE.
    8. Stroke: Just like in humans, strokes can occur in dogs and may result in seizures.
    9. Heat Stroke: Exposure to high temperatures can cause heat stroke, which can lead to seizures among other symptoms.
    10. Genetic Disorders: Certain breeds may be predisposed to genetic conditions that increase the risk of seizures, such as idiopathic epilepsy in breeds like Beagles, Dachshunds, and Golden Retrievers.
    11. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like autoimmune encephalitis can cause inflammation of the brain, leading to seizures.
    9 3

    Do Flea and Tick Medications Cause Seizures?

    While rare, there have been reports of adverse reactions, including seizures, associated with certain flea and tick medications in dogs (including “natural” options made with essential oils).

    These reactions are typically uncommon and often occur in dogs with pre-existing health conditions or sensitivities.

    The active ingredients in flea and tick medications, such as essential oils, fipronil, permethrin, or pyrethroids, can sometimes cause adverse reactions in sensitive individuals. These reactions may include neurological symptoms like tremors, seizures, or other abnormal behaviors.

    However, it’s a myth that these products are regularly causing neurological symptoms in pets.

    It’s worth noting that using the wrong product, purchasing a knockoff, or applying incorrect doses can increase the risk of adverse reactions, including seizures.

    To minimize the risk of adverse reactions to flea and tick medications in your dog:

    1. Consult with your veterinarian before starting any flea and tick prevention program. Your veterinarian can recommend the most appropriate product based on your dog’s age, size, health status, and lifestyle.
    2. Always use flea and tick medications according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Follow the recommended dosage, application method, and frequency of administration.
    3. Monitor your dog for any signs of adverse reactions after administering flea and tick medications. If you notice any unusual symptoms, including seizures, contact your veterinarian immediately for guidance.
    4. Be cautious when using flea and tick products in households with multiple pets, as some medications formulated for dogs may be toxic to cats and other animals.
    5. Understand that these risks are not isolated to veterinary flea and tick prevention: in many cases, “natural” alternatives may carry more risk, not less.

    Abstaining from veterinary flea and tick prevention can leave your pet susceptible to infestations, potentially leading to discomfort, skin irritation, and the transmission of diseases carried by these parasites.

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    Does Kibble Cause Seizures?

    There’s no direct evidence to suggest that kibble, as a general category of dog food, causes seizures in dogs.

    There is a lot of misinformation on this topic, which is often fueled by profit-driven influencers who use sensational headlines to generate engagement.

    In 2023, a viral rumor spread claiming that Purina Dog Food contained dangerously high levels of heavy metals. Despite being swiftly debunked, the misconception persisted, fueling fears that dogs were experiencing seizures and fatalities as a result of consuming Purina products.

    There’s no direct evidence to suggest that kibble, as a general category of dog food, causes seizures in dogs. However, certain ingredients or additives in some commercial dog foods may potentially trigger seizures in dogs with specific sensitivities or underlying health conditions.

    Seizures in dogs can be caused by various factors, including genetic predisposition, epilepsy, metabolic disorders, toxins, infections, and neurological conditions. While diet plays a crucial role in overall health, including brain function, there is limited scientific evidence linking kibble specifically to seizures in otherwise healthy dogs.

    A well-crafted kibble produced by a manufacturer with stringent quality standards is highly unlikely to contain ingredients detrimental to a pet’s well-being. When researching pet nutrition, prioritize credible sources and avoid succumbing to fear-mongering tactics.

  • Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Puppies & Dogs

    Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Puppies & Dogs

    Hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic condition that affects dogs of various breeds and sizes. It occurs when the hip joint develops abnormally, leading to discomfort, pain, and mobility issues. While hip dysplasia is often associated with older dogs, it can also affect puppies. Understanding the signs and symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs and puppies is crucial for early detection and management.

    This blog post will cover:

    • Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
    • Puppy’s that sit funny (and what it means)
    • How to prevent hip dysplasia in puppies
    • Puppy nutrition & growth disorders
    • Hip dysplasia diagnosis
    • Treating dogs with hip dysplasia
    3 5

    Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Puppies and Dogs

    Here are some key indicators to watch for:

    1. Difficulty Rising: Puppies and dogs with hip dysplasia may struggle to get up from a lying or sitting position. You might notice them hesitating or using their front legs to push themselves up.
    2. Lameness or Limping: A noticeable limp, especially in the hind legs, can be a sign of hip dysplasia. Dogs may favor one leg over the other or exhibit an uneven gait while walking or running.
    3. Decreased Activity Levels: If your puppy or dog is less active than usual, it could indicate discomfort or pain associated with hip dysplasia. They may be reluctant to participate in activities they once enjoyed, such as playing fetch or going for walks.
    4. Stiffness or Pain: Dogs with hip dysplasia may exhibit stiffness, particularly after periods of rest or physical activity. They may also show signs of pain when touched around the hip area or when attempting certain movements.
    5. Audible Clicking or Popping Sounds: Some dogs with hip dysplasia may produce clicking or popping sounds when they move their hips. These noises can indicate joint instability and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.
    6. Loss of Muscle Mass: As hip dysplasia progresses, affected muscles may become weaker or atrophied, particularly in the hindquarters. This loss of muscle mass can contribute to further mobility issues and difficulty supporting the body’s weight.
    7. Difficulty Climbing Stairs or Jumping: Activities that require the use of the hind legs, such as climbing stairs or jumping onto furniture, can be challenging for dogs with hip dysplasia. They may hesitate or exhibit reluctance to perform these movements.

    If you notice any of these signs or symptoms in your puppy or dog, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian promptly. Early detection and intervention can help manage hip dysplasia and improve your pet’s quality of life.

    4 5

    How is Hip Dysplasia Diagnosed in Dogs?

    Diagnosing hip dysplasia in dogs typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and diagnostic imaging. Here’s an overview of the steps involved in diagnosing hip dysplasia:

    1. Physical Examination: During a physical exam, the veterinarian will observe your dog’s gait, posture, and range of motion in the hips and hind legs. They may also palpate the hip joints to check for pain, stiffness, or abnormalities.
    2. Medical History Review: Providing a detailed medical history, including any signs or symptoms you’ve noticed in your dog, can help the veterinarian assess the likelihood of hip dysplasia. Information about your dog’s breed, age, and activity level is also relevant.
    3. Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays (radiographs) are the primary diagnostic tool used to evaluate hip dysplasia in dogs. Sedation or anesthesia may be necessary to obtain clear images, especially in uncooperative or anxious patients. X-rays allow veterinarians to assess the shape of the hip joints, the degree of joint laxity (looseness), and the presence of any arthritic changes.
    4. Additional Tests: In some cases, additional diagnostic tests such as CT scans or MRI may be recommended to provide a more detailed assessment of the hip joint structures. These advanced imaging techniques can be particularly useful for evaluating soft tissue abnormalities and detecting early signs of hip dysplasia.
    5. Orthopedic Evaluation: Depending on the severity of the hip dysplasia and the presence of other orthopedic issues, the veterinarian may perform additional orthopedic tests to assess joint stability, muscle strength, and overall function.

    Once hip dysplasia is diagnosed, the veterinarian will discuss treatment options tailored to your dog’s specific needs. Treatment may include a combination of medical management, weight management, physical therapy, and surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the condition and the dog’s circumstances.

    Regular follow-up examinations and monitoring are essential to track the progression of hip dysplasia and adjust treatment plans as needed. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, dogs with hip dysplasia can lead active and comfortable lives.

    Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
    An abnormal hip x-ray, indicating possible Hip Dysplasia in a dog

    How is Hip Dysplasia Treated in Dogs?

    The treatment approach for hip dysplasia in dogs depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the dog’s age, overall health, and lifestyle. Here’s an overview of common treatment options for hip dysplasia:

    1. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for dogs with hip dysplasia. Excess weight places additional strain on the hip joints and can exacerbate symptoms. Your veterinarian may recommend a balanced diet and exercise plan tailored to your dog’s needs to help achieve and maintain an optimal body condition.
    2. Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with hip dysplasia. These medications can help improve comfort and mobility, allowing affected dogs to lead more active lives. It’s essential to follow your veterinarian’s dosage instructions and monitor for any potential side effects.
    3. Joint Supplements: Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and omega-3 fatty acids are commonly used as joint supplements to support joint health and reduce cartilage degeneration. While these supplements may not reverse existing hip dysplasia, they can help slow the progression of arthritis and improve joint function over time.
    4. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises, such as swimming, hydrotherapy, and therapeutic stretching, can help strengthen the muscles surrounding the hip joints and improve the range of motion. Physical therapy can also alleviate pain, reduce stiffness, and enhance overall mobility in dogs with hip dysplasia.
    5. Lifestyle Modifications: Making adjustments to your dog’s environment and daily routine can help minimize stress on the hips. Providing supportive bedding, using ramps or stairs to avoid jumping, and limiting high-impact activities can help manage hip dysplasia symptoms and prevent further joint damage.
    6. Surgical Intervention: In severe cases of hip dysplasia or when conservative management fails to provide adequate relief, surgical options may be considered. Common surgical procedures for hip dysplasia include:
    • Total Hip Replacement (THR): This procedure involves replacing the entire hip joint with a prosthetic implant, providing pain relief and restoring normal joint function.
    • Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO): In FHO surgery, the femoral head (the “ball” of the hip joint) is removed, allowing the surrounding muscles to support the hip joint and reduce pain.
    • Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO): TPO surgery involves altering the shape of the pelvis to improve hip joint stability and reduce the risk of arthritis.

    Regular veterinary examinations and monitoring are essential for dogs undergoing treatment for hip dysplasia. Your veterinarian will assess your dog’s progress, adjust treatment as needed, and provide guidance on managing long-term joint health.

    By combining appropriate treatment modalities and lifestyle modifications, pet owners can effectively manage hip dysplasia and improve their dog’s quality of life. Working closely with your veterinarian and following their recommendations can help optimize outcomes for dogs with this common orthopedic condition.

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    Does Pet Insurance Cover Hip Dysplasia?

    Whether pet insurance covers hip dysplasia depends on the specific policy and insurance provider. Some pet insurance companies offer coverage for hip dysplasia as part of their standard plans, while others may offer it as an optional add-on or require the purchase of a higher-tier plan with broader coverage.

    Here are some key points to consider regarding pet insurance coverage for hip dysplasia:

    1. Pre-Existing Conditions: Most pet insurance policies do not cover pre-existing conditions, including hip dysplasia that was diagnosed before the policy’s effective date or during the waiting period. It’s essential to review the policy terms and exclusions carefully to understand what is and isn’t covered.
    2. Breed-Specific Considerations: Some insurance providers may impose breed-specific restrictions or limitations on coverage for conditions like hip dysplasia. Certain breeds are more prone to developing hip dysplasia, so insurers may adjust premiums or coverage options accordingly.
    3. Coverage Limits and Waiting Periods: Pet insurance policies typically have annual coverage limits, deductibles, and waiting periods before coverage for specific conditions, including hip dysplasia, becomes effective. Be sure to review these details when selecting a policy to ensure it meets your pet’s needs.
    4. Optional Coverage Add-Ons: Some pet insurance companies offer optional wellness plans or riders that cover preventive care, including hip dysplasia screening and diagnostic testing. Adding these options to your policy may provide additional coverage for managing your dog’s orthopedic health.
    5. Policy Renewals and Changes: Insurance providers may adjust coverage terms, premiums, or exclusions at policy renewal. It’s essential to stay informed about any changes to your policy and consider how they may impact coverage for hip dysplasia and other conditions.

    Before purchasing pet insurance, carefully research different providers, compare coverage options and exclusions and consider factors such as cost, coverage limits, and customer reviews. Discussing your specific concerns, including hip dysplasia coverage, with insurance representatives can help you make an informed decision about the best policy for your pet’s needs.

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    What Causes Dogs to Get Hip Dysplasia?

    Hip dysplasia in dogs is a multifactorial condition with both genetic and environmental influences. While the exact cause of hip dysplasia is not fully understood, several factors contribute to its development:

    1. Genetics: Genetics plays a significant role in the development of hip dysplasia. It is believed to be a polygenic trait, meaning it involves multiple genes, each with a small effect on susceptibility. Dogs with a family history of hip dysplasia are at a higher risk of inheriting the condition. When choosing a breeder for your puppy, verify that both parents have been OFA Hip Tested.
    2. Breed Predisposition: Certain dog breeds are more prone to hip dysplasia than others. Large and giant breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Great Danes, are among the most commonly affected. This suggests a genetic predisposition to the condition within these breeds.
    3. Developmental Factors: Hip dysplasia primarily affects growing puppies and young dogs, as the abnormal development of the hip joint occurs during the early stages of skeletal growth. Factors such as rapid growth rate, excessive weight gain, improper nutrition, and inappropriate exercise during the puppyhood stages can contribute to the development and progression of hip dysplasia. I’ll cover nutritional factors below!
    4. Joint laxity: In dogs with hip dysplasia, the hip joint may exhibit excessive laxity or looseness, allowing abnormal movement and instability. This laxity can lead to increased wear and tear on the joint surfaces, cartilage damage, and inflammation, ultimately contributing to the development of hip dysplasia and secondary osteoarthritis.
    5. Environmental Factors: Environmental factors, including diet, exercise, and management practices, can influence the development and progression of hip dysplasia. Providing appropriate nutrition, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding excessive or high-impact exercise during the critical growth phases can help mitigate the risk of hip dysplasia in susceptible dogs.
    6. Other Factors: Hormonal influences, such as estrogen and testosterone levels, may also affect the development of hip dysplasia. Additionally, factors such as trauma, joint infections, and inflammatory conditions can contribute to the progression of hip dysplasia or exacerbate existing symptoms.

    While hip dysplasia is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, responsible breeding practices and proactive management strategies can help reduce the prevalence and severity of the condition in susceptible dog breeds. Early detection, appropriate veterinary care, and lifestyle modifications are essential for managing hip dysplasia and improving affected dogs’ quality of life.

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    How to Prevent Hip Dysplasia in Puppies

    Preventing hip dysplasia in puppies involves a combination of responsible breeding practices, proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, and proactive management strategies. While it may not be possible to eliminate the risk of hip dysplasia, these measures can help reduce the likelihood and severity of the condition. Here are some steps to consider:

    1. Choose Responsible Breeders: When acquiring a puppy, choose a reputable breeder who prioritizes health and genetic screening. Look for breeders who perform hip evaluations (such as OFA or PennHIP x-rays) on breeding dogs and strive to produce puppies with sound hip conformation. Avoid purchasing puppies from sources that prioritize profit over the health and welfare of the dogs.
    2. Consider Breed Selection: If you’re considering adding a dog to your family, research different breeds and their predisposition to hip dysplasia. While hip dysplasia can occur in any breed, certain breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds, are more prone to the condition. Choosing a breed with a lower risk of hip dysplasia may reduce the likelihood of the condition occurring.
    3. Provide Balanced Nutrition: Feed your puppy a balanced and nutritious diet appropriate for their age, breed size, and activity level. Proper nutrition is essential for healthy skeletal development and muscle growth. Avoid overfeeding or excessive weight gain, as excess body weight can increase the risk of hip dysplasia and other orthopedic conditions. It’s especially important to ensure that large and giant breed puppies receive balanced levels of calcium and phosphorus in their diet.
    4. Control Growth Rate: Large and giant breed puppies are particularly susceptible to hip dysplasia due to their rapid growth rate. To help reduce the risk, feed controlled portions to prevent rapid weight gain and avoid over-supplementation with growth-promoting nutrients, toppers, and treats. Consult with your veterinarian for guidance on an appropriate feeding plan for your puppy’s specific needs.
    5. Provide Adequate Exercise: Encourage regular, low-impact exercise to promote muscle strength, joint stability, and overall fitness in puppies. Avoid excessive or high-impact activities, such as jumping and rough play on hard surfaces, especially during the critical growth phases. Moderate exercise helps support healthy joint development without placing excessive stress on the hips.
    6. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Keep your puppy at a healthy body weight to minimize strain on the hip joints. Excess weight can exacerbate existing hip dysplasia or increase the risk of developing the condition. Monitor your puppy’s body condition regularly and adjust their diet and exercise as needed to maintain an ideal weight.
    7. Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Schedule regular veterinary examinations for your puppy to monitor their growth and development. Your veterinarian can assess your puppy’s hip conformation and guide you on preventive measures, nutritional counseling, and appropriate exercise routines tailored to their specific needs.
    8. Early Intervention: If you notice any signs of hip dysplasia or orthopedic issues in your puppy, such as limping, stiffness, or difficulty rising, consult with your veterinarian promptly. Early detection and intervention can help manage the condition and prevent further joint damage.

    By incorporating these preventive measures into your puppy’s care routine and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help minimize the risk of hip dysplasia and promote your puppy’s overall health and well-being.

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    Calcium in Puppy Food & Hip Dysplasia

    The relationship between calcium levels in puppy food and hip dysplasia is a topic of ongoing research and discussion in the veterinary community. While calcium is essential for healthy bone development, excessive or imbalanced levels of calcium in a puppy’s diet may contribute to skeletal abnormalities, including hip dysplasia, especially in large and giant breed puppies.

    Many “super premium” and holistic type pet foods are not properly balanced for puppies. I recommend sticking to brands that meet WSAVA recommendations for ingredient sourcing, quality control, manufacturing, and formulation practices.

    Here are some key points to consider regarding calcium in puppy food and its potential impact on hip dysplasia:

    1. Balanced Nutrition: Providing a balanced diet that meets the nutritional needs of growing puppies is essential for skeletal health. Calcium plays a crucial role in bone formation, but it must be provided in the appropriate amount and ratio relative to other nutrients, such as phosphorus and vitamin D.
    2. Calcium Imbalance: Excessive dietary calcium levels or imbalances in the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio can disrupt the normal development of bone and cartilage in puppies, potentially predisposing them to orthopedic conditions like hip dysplasia. Conversely, insufficient calcium levels can also affect bone health and lead to developmental abnormalities.
    3. Growth Rate Management: Controlling the growth rate of large and giant breed puppies is important for reducing the risk of skeletal disorders, including hip dysplasia. Rapid growth and excessive weight gain during the puppyhood stages can place additional stress on developing joints and increase the likelihood of orthopedic problems.

    The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) establishes standards and regulations for pet food labeling and nutritional adequacy in the United States. When it comes to dog food for puppies, AAFCO provides specific guidelines and statements to ensure that the food meets the nutritional needs of growing puppies. Here are some common AAFCO statements found on dog food labels for puppies:

    1. Complete and Balanced: This statement indicates that the dog food has undergone feeding trials or meets the nutrient profiles established by AAFCO for puppies. It assures consumers that the food provides all essential nutrients in the correct proportions to support the growth and development of puppies.
    2. Formulated to Meet the Nutritional Levels Established by AAFCO: This statement indicates that dog food is formulated to meet the nutrient requirements outlined by AAFCO for puppies. While the food may not have undergone feeding trials, it is designed to provide adequate nutrition for puppies based on AAFCO’s guidelines.
    3. Life Stage Designation (e.g., “For Puppies” or “Growth and Reproduction”): Dog foods labeled for puppies are formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of growing puppies. AAFCO requires that these foods contain higher levels of certain nutrients, such as protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus, to support healthy growth and development.
    4. Nutritional Adequacy Statement: This statement indicates whether the dog food is intended for growth, maintenance, or all life stages. Dog foods labeled for puppies should include a statement indicating that the food is suitable for growth, meaning it provides the essential nutrients necessary for the growth and development of puppies.

    When selecting food for dogs expected to weigh more than 70 pounds as adults (including giant puppies such as Great Danes), seek out the label indicating that the food is specifically formulated to support the growth of large breeds.

    Consultation with Veterinarian: Before making any changes to your puppy’s diet or feeding regimen, it’s crucial to consult with your veterinarian. They can provide personalized guidance based on your puppy’s breed, age, health status, and nutritional requirements.It’s important for pet owners to carefully read and understand the information provided on dog food labels, including AAFCO statements, to ensure that they are selecting a high-quality, nutritionally balanced food for their puppies.

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    Natural Treatments for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

    Natural treatments for hip dysplasia in dogs focus on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and promoting joint health through holistic approaches. While these treatments may not cure hip dysplasia, they can help alleviate discomfort and improve your dog’s quality of life. Here are some natural treatment options to consider:

    1. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for managing hip dysplasia in dogs. Excess weight puts additional strain on the joints, exacerbating symptoms and increasing the risk of progression. Consult with your veterinarian to develop a weight management plan tailored to your dog’s needs, which may include portion control, a balanced diet, and regular exercise.
    2. Regular Nail Trimming: Regular nail trimming is essential for maintaining your dog’s comfort and preventing overgrowth, which can lead to discomfort and mobility issues. It’s important to use proper nail trimmers and techniques to avoid cutting into the quick, causing pain and bleeding.
    3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint inflammation and alleviate pain associated with hip dysplasia. Adding omega-3 supplements to your dog’s diet may help improve joint mobility and overall comfort.
    4. Glucosamine and Chondroitin: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are natural compounds that support joint health and cartilage repair. These supplements are commonly used to manage osteoarthritis and may benefit dogs with hip dysplasia by promoting joint lubrication and reducing cartilage degeneration. I recommend Dasaquin Advanced.
    5. Turmeric: Turmeric contains curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound that may help alleviate joint pain and inflammation in dogs with hip dysplasia. Adding turmeric to your dog’s diet or providing curcumin supplements may offer symptomatic relief.
    6. Massage and Physical Therapy: Gentle massage and physical therapy techniques can help improve joint mobility, reduce muscle tension, and alleviate pain in dogs with hip dysplasia. Consider working with a certified canine rehabilitation therapist or physical therapist to develop a customized exercise and massage regimen tailored to your dog’s needs.
    7. Acupuncture: Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine practice that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and pain relief. Some dog owners find acupuncture beneficial for managing hip dysplasia symptoms and improving mobility.
    8. Cold and Heat Therapy: Applying cold packs or heating pads to the affected hip joint can help reduce inflammation and soothe discomfort. Cold therapy is particularly effective during acute flare-ups of hip dysplasia, while heat therapy can provide relief for chronic pain and stiffness.

    Before starting any natural treatment regimen for hip dysplasia, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian to ensure that the chosen therapies are safe and appropriate for your dog’s individual needs. Integrating a combination of natural treatments with veterinary care and lifestyle modifications can help optimize management of hip dysplasia and improve your dog’s comfort and mobility.

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    By staying vigilant and proactive, pet owners can effectively manage hip dysplasia and ensure their furry companions lead happy, healthy lives.

  • Diatomaceous Earth for Dogs Fleas, Itching, and More

    Diatomaceous Earth for Dogs Fleas, Itching, and More

    Diatomaceous Earth (DE) has gained popularity among pet owners as a natural solution for flea control, itching, and more. Frequently endorsed by “Holistic” veterinarians and natural pet food companies for its perceived advantages, it’s important for pet owners also to be aware of the associated risks. In this article, we’ll dig into the ins and outs of Diatomaceous Earth for dogs, highlighting its limitations and advocating for safer, more effective alternatives.

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    What is Diatomaceous Earth?

    Diatomaceous Earth is a naturally occurring sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of tiny aquatic organisms called diatoms. It is commonly ground into a fine powder and used in various applications, including pest control.

    DE is believed to work by dehydrating insects and pests, leading to their eventual demise.

    Never purchase inexpensive unknown brands online, as these products may be low quality or adulterated.

    Wholistic Pet Organics is an example of a clean brand of Diatomaceous Earth, that contains the NASC seal for quality.

    It’s important to understand, however, that while the NASC seal is an important sign of quality in pet supplements, that does not mean that Diatomaceous Earth is safe for your pet.

    However, like arsenic and black widows, “natural” can have its drawbacks.

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    Is Diatomaceous Earth Effective For Dogs?

    The effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) for dogs is a topic of debate among pet owners and experts. While some people claim that DE is effective in controlling fleas, ticks, and other pests, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is limited and inconclusive.

    DE is believed to work by dehydrating insects and pests, causing them to die. However, studies have shown mixed results regarding its effectiveness, particularly in severe flea infestations.

    Additionally, the abrasive nature of DE may cause irritation to the skin and respiratory tract of dogs, leading to discomfort and potential health issues.

    Considering the lack of robust scientific evidence and the potential risks associated with DE, many veterinarians recommend caution when using it on pets. Instead, they may suggest alternative flea and tick control methods that are proven to be safe and effective, such as prescription medications, flea collars, and environmental control measures.

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    Is Diatomaceous Earth Safe for Dogs to Eat?

    In general, Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is considered safe for dogs to eat in small amounts, but caution should be exercised. DE is often used as a dietary supplement for its purported benefits in promoting digestion and parasite control. However, it’s crucial to use food-grade DE specifically labeled for consumption by pets and to follow dosage recommendations carefully.

    Inhaling large amounts of DE dust can irritate the respiratory tract, and ingesting excessive quantities can potentially lead to gastrointestinal irritation or blockages. Additionally, the abrasive nature of DE can irritate the mouth and throat if consumed in large amounts.

    To ensure the safety of your dog, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian before adding DE to their diet. A veterinarian can guide you on the appropriate dosage and usage based on your dog’s individual health needs and dietary requirements. Additionally, they can offer alternative dietary supplements or treatments if DE is not suitable for your dog or if you have concerns about its safety.

    Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth

    Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of diatoms. It is typically mined from ancient sea beds and processed into a fine powder.

    Food-grade DE is specifically processed and regulated for use in food and animal feed applications, ensuring its purity and safety for consumption. Always confirm that the supplements you are buying for your pet contain the NASC seal, like this food-grade DE by Wholistic Pet Organics.

    Here are some key points about food-grade Diatomaceous Earth:

    1. Purity: Food-grade DE undergoes strict processing and quality control measures to ensure its purity and safety for use in food and animal feed. It is free from contaminants and additives, making it suitable for consumption by humans and animals.
    2. Uses: Food-grade DE has a wide range of applications in food production, agriculture, and animal husbandry. It is commonly used as an anti-caking agent in grain storage, a clarifying agent in beer and wine production, and a supplement for animals.
    3. Safety: When used as directed, food-grade DE is generally regarded as safe for consumption by humans and animals. It is important to follow dosage recommendations carefully and to use caution when handling DE to avoid inhaling fine particles, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
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    Can Diatomaceous Earth Stop Dog Itching?

    While some pet owners may claim that Diatomaceous Earth (DE) can help alleviate dog itching, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness for this purpose.

    Because DE functions by dehydrating parasites, it might offer some degree of effectiveness in reducing or eradicating bothersome fleas and mites, potentially alleviating the source of itching. Nevertheless, its efficacy in this regard remains unproven and questionable, at best.

    DE is unlikely to soothe the skin, however, as it’s more likely to dry the skin out.

    Never rub Diatomaceous Earth into your pet’s fur! The abrasive nature of DE particles could potentially exacerbate skin irritation or cause further discomfort for dogs, especially those with sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

    If your dog is experiencing itching or skin irritation, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

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    Does Diatomaceous Earth Kill Fleas and Ticks?

    The effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth in eliminating fleas and ticks is not well-supported by scientific evidence. While some pet owners may report success with DE, many studies have found its efficacy to be limited, especially in cases of severe infestation.

    Certain individuals suggest applying Diatomaceous Earth (DE) around the house to deter pests. However, this approach raises the likelihood of your pet inhaling the DE, potentially irritating their lungs.

    Given the uncertain effectiveness and potential risks associated with DE, pet owners are encouraged to explore alternative flea and tick control methods that are proven to be safe and effective, such as prescription medications, flea collars, and topical treatments recommended by veterinarians.

    As is the case with many “natural” remedies, there are frequently safer and more efficient alternatives available. Talk to your veterinarian about proper flea and tick control, and check out our article on the best flea and tick medications, too.

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    Can I use Diatomaceous Earth to Detox My Dog?

    In general, there is limited scientific evidence to support the need for detoxification in healthy dogs. Dogs have highly efficient natural detoxification systems, including the liver and kidneys, which are responsible for removing toxins and waste products from the body.

    While certain situations, such as exposure to toxins or ingestion of harmful substances, may warrant medical intervention to support the body’s detoxification processes, most healthy dogs do not require detoxification treatments or supplements.

    Instead of focusing on detoxification, pet owners should prioritize maintaining their dog’s overall health and well-being through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care. Providing a balanced diet, keeping vaccinations up-to-date, and preventing exposure to toxins is essential for supporting your dog’s natural detoxification processes and overall health.

    If you have concerns about your dog’s health or suspect they may have been exposed to toxins, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian for guidance and appropriate medical care. Veterinarians can assess your dog’s individual needs and recommend appropriate treatments or interventions to support their health and well-being.

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    Diatomaceous Earth for Dogs

    While Diatomaceous Earth may seem like a natural and appealing solution for flea control and itching in dogs, its effectiveness is questionable, and its risks should not be overlooked.

    Instead of taking chances with DIY remedies, pet owners should prioritize their dog’s health and safety by opting for veterinary-approved alternatives backed by scientific evidence.

    By working closely with a veterinarian and choosing proven methods of pest control, pet owners can ensure their furry companions remain happy, healthy, and free from pesky parasites.

  • Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Science Diet Lawsuit

    Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Science Diet Lawsuit

    Another day, another round of pet food lawsuits, recalls, misinformation, and drama. I suspect this is going to be a big one! On February 6th, 2024, Keto Natural Pet Foods filed a massive class action lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet. Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition is a hot topic, with a controversial argument.

    They claim that Hill’s Science Diet and a handful of top veterinary specialists “participated in an egregious, wide-ranging, and damaging campaign of coordinated, for-profit, faux-scientific misinformation.”

    Here is the list of Defendants listed in the lawsuit:

    • Hill’s Science Diet
    • Morris Animal Foundation – Mark Morris Institute
    • Dr. Lisa M. Freeman – Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist
    • Dr. Darcy B. Adin – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
    • Dr. Joshua A. Stern – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
    • Dr. Ryan C. Fries – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist
    • Dr. John E. Rush – Board Certified Veterinary Cardiologist

    To put this in simple terms, Keto Naturals pet food is alleging that Hill’s Science Diet and the above list of highly-educated veterinary specialists fabricated the entire grain-free DCM heart disease debate to gain back lost market share from boutique and small food brands.

    What is the “Grain-Free DCM Heart Disease Debate?

    This issue in pet food revolves around concerns that certain grain-free diets may be linked to an increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. While some believe that grain-free and boutique diets can contribute to DCM, others argue that insufficient evidence exists to establish a direct causal relationship, prompting ongoing discussions and research in the pet food industry. You can learn more about this HERE.

    I have so many thoughts. As always, our blog relies on published evidence, common sense, and cited research. We do not resort to fear-mongering or insincere sensationalism! This blog post is your one-stop place to learn more about this issue. Please like, share, and follow. Read on, friends.

    Keto natural pet foods vs. Hill's Science Diet Lawsuit

    Keto Naturals Ketona Pet Food

    To better understand the source of this lawsuit, I did some digging into the company behind it.

    Keto Naturals is a boutique pet food company in the truest sense of the word. According to Grips Intelligence, their yearly sales revenue is below $1 Million U.S.D.

    Compare that to Hill’s Science Diet, whose 2023 revenue sits at $4 Billion U.S.D.

    If they wanted to, Hill’s could buy Keto Naturals and stuff it in a closet. Their measly revenue is not, and has never been, a threat to Hill’s Science Diet.

    Keto Naturals markets their pet food as a low-carb Keto and “natural” diet option for pets.

    The ketogenic diet trend in humans has led to the emergence of low-carb, high-protein, high-fat pet foods marketed as “keto” options for dogs and cats. (Learn more about diet trends, toxic diet culture, and white supremacy, here1)

    However, while some pet owners are drawn to these products due to their alignment with human dietary fads, there is an ongoing debate among experts about the suitability and safety of ketogenic diets for animals. There is minimal research supporting the use of Ketogenic diets, while a considerable body of evidence suggests various potential problems associated with them.

    Numerous specialists emphasize that Ketogenic diets may not be suitable for most humans either2, due to the connection with yo-yo dieting, disordered eating, and potential risks to internal heart, liver, and kidney health.

    Some dogs may have underlying health conditions that could be exacerbated by a ketogenic diet, such as pancreatitis (which is implicated here).3

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    The Keto Naturals Brand & Founder

    Here are some other things we know about Keto Naturals / Ketona Pet Food and its founder:

    • Their food is co-packed by big factories that make many other brands for other companies.
    • There is no qualified nutritionist on staff.
    • It is unclear where the recipes are from, and if a qualified nutritionist consultant was used in their creation.
    • Keto Naturals does not participate in or publish peer-reviewed research or feeding trials.
    • They have a “science” page on their website pointing to a belief that carbs are fattening for humans and dogs. That is a theory that has remained unsubstantiated and is often refuted in published research.
    • A lot of their marketing is centered around bashing competitors (Such as the Farmer’s Dog) and other food types (including raw and fresh), as well as AAFCO regulations and standard practices for food nutrient testing.
    • Their website states that their foods have never been associated with a single case of nutritional DCM. However, their market share is abysmal. Some of the revenue comes from supplements they sell, not complete diets. The company has only been around since 2018, and very few dogs eat their food.
    • Keto Naturals’ outspoken founder and CEO Daniel Schulof is a lawyer. He is not an animal scientist, biologist, qualified nutritionist, or veterinarian.

    Despite having no formal education in animal nutrition, biology, or veterinary science, Daniel Schulof has positioned himself as an expert authority on this topic and even published a book that he says has been critically acclaimed.

    He does have a $200 certificate in pet nutrition from a RACE-approved veterinary CE online course. He openly declares his readiness to challenge anyone with superior credentials, firmly believing that his knowledge exceeds theirs.

    This information is easy to find via a quick Google search, where his LinkedIn profile is publicly visible.

    He is boldly challenging a group of veterinary researchers and specialists who possess significantly more education and expertise than he does.

    I’m going to say something controversial about Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s, but hear me out.

    I believe that the Keto Natural vs. Hill’s Science Diet Lawsuit is a brilliant marketing move.

    This news has spread rapidly across social media, leading to increased interest in Keto Naturals and higher engagement with their content.

    By submitting a controversial and potentially frivolous lawsuit, costing around $400 U.S.D., the brand has garnered significant attention in the pet community. Holistic veterinarians and “consumer advocates” are buzzing, selectively promoting information that supports the arguments presented in the lawsuit.

    How ironic.

    Keto Naturals History & the DCM Debate

    Daniel Schulof (founder of Keto Naturals) is no stranger to engaging in this controversy. He practically invented it.

    In the lawsuit document, he references an article that was published in the JAMVA on December 1st, 2018.4 This article was, at the time of his dispute with it in 2019, the most widely read article on the JAVMA website.

    He wanted that article removed, so he created a website called “Veterinary Integrity” and collected the signatures of veterinarians, scientists, human medical providers, representatives of grain-free pet food companies, and individual pet owners. His petition demanded the removal of the above editorial commentary piece from the JAMVA. (Read his demand letter HERE). 5

    Despite the submission of the petition to JAVMA, the article was not retracted.

    Certainly, the signatures he amassed predominantly reflected the views of a minority subset consisting of “holistic” veterinarians, pet food companies, and individuals inclined towards extreme “wellness” ideologies that often overlook scientific evidence. These signatures did not align with the sentiments of the majority of veterinarians and pet owners.

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    Keto Natural Pet Foods vs. Hill’s Lawsuit & Arguments

    Determining whether Keto Naturals has a case against Hill’s Science Diet would depend on various factors, including the evidence presented, legal arguments, and the interpretation of relevant laws and regulations.

    Author’s Note: Hello Danes does not necessarily agree with the following statements and arguments made in the Keto Naturals vs. Hill’s Science Diet lawsuit filing. This is being provided for informational purposes only:

    In the text of the lawsuit (which can be found here)6, the company implies and believes that:

    1. Hill’s Science Diet collaborated with several veterinary specialists to falsely claim that all “non-traditional” dog foods raise the risk of canine DCM.
    2. They deceitfully encouraged the FDA to investigate DCM cases by cherry-picking data.
    3. Studies have not proven definitive causation.
    4. They popularized the term “BEG” diets (Boutique, Exotic, Grain-Free) to implicate competitors and used blogs, websites, and social media to shape the narrative.
    5. This led to significant losses for “BEG” pet food companies like Keto Naturals, which alleges its reputation was unfairly damaged.
    6. Veterinarians who spread information about grain-free diets received it from Hill’s Science Diet and the Veterinary Defendants, raising concerns about funding and influence.
    7. The Veterinary Defendants also have a conflict of interest due to their involvement in research funded by Hill’s Science Diet.

    In this specific case, it seems like a class action is being pursued. This means that other small pet food companies could potentially join the case and seek compensation from any eventual judgment or settlement (if there is one, and that is a big if).


    As a journalist, I typically strive to remain impartial while supporting my argument with published research and science.

    It’s worth pointing out that the founder of Keto Naturals seems quite upset by what he feels is a loss of consumer trust in his brand (and thus, revenue), and he wants somewhere to place the blame.

    Conveniently, his argument also happens to stand on a very controversial platform.

    Controversy sells.

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    Grain-Free Diets and DCM Heart Disease in Dogs

    In 2014, Veterinary Cardiologists initiated communication with the FDA regarding an alarming trend they had been noticing of atypical heart disease. This led the FDA to begin collecting data from Veterinary Specialists (some of whom are defendants in this lawsuit).

    An announcement from the FDA in 20187 (four years later) aimed to gather more information from affected pet owners, sparking a prolonged debate that continues into 2024. Coincidentally, Keto Naturals Pet Food was started in 2018. The discussion had already been happening, and they were late to the party.

    Despite the implication made in the lawsuit that “no research has proven a link between grain-free foods and heart disease in dogs”, there is a lot more to that story.

    The FDA has a helpful Q&A page8 that beautifully explains a lot of the information available to us regarding DCM and Nutritional Factors.

    A study published in December 20229 showed that dogs fed non-traditional diets showed lower cardiac function and higher ventricular volume than dogs fed diets without potatoes or pulses. This study, like others, underscores the necessity for ongoing research and exploration into the matter.10

    Veterinarians nationwide consistently observe a rise in atypical heart disease cases among patients fed non-traditional, BEG, or grain-free diets. Many instances reportedly show improvement or reversal with diet change.

    While it’s very possible that most dogs can eat BEG-style diets their whole lives without issue, some cannot. It may take years to sort out why.

    The Keto Natural Pet Foods Inc. lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet is adding fuel to the flames. To deny the hundreds of pet parents, whose pets were diagnosed with nutritional DCM and were harmed by boutique pet foods, is disingenuous.

    Moreover, nutrition science is a highly complex and expanding area of research. It’s concerning that the owner of a small company, who is a lawyer and not a veterinary scientist, feels confident in arguing so egregiously against something about which he has limited knowledge and personal experience.

    Given his background as a lawyer, one would anticipate his understanding of the peer-review process in research and science. However, it is troubling that he dismisses any critical studies and discussion on this topic, attributing it all to perceived financial influence and conflict of interest.

    7 2

    Does Keto Naturals Have a Case Against Hill’s Nutrition?

    I’m not a legal professional, so I can’t provide a definitive answer. However, I’m open to sharing my thoughts and speculations on the matter.

    Frivolous lawsuits are often considered baseless, lacking in legal reasoning or evidence to support the claims made. They may be filed for reasons such as harassment, intimidation, or to exploit the legal system for personal gain (see above, this is exceptionally good marketing for Keto Naturals brand).

    Frivolous lawsuits can waste time and resources for both parties involved and can clog up the court system.

    I observe a fledgling brand (Keto Naturals/Ketona) investing its limited time and resources into challenging top veterinary specialists and a large company (Hill’s Pet Nutrition) that is backed by extensive volumes of peer-reviewed scientific research.

    At its core, that is frivolous.

    The suggestion that multiple veterinary researchers have colluded with a single company to deliberately undermine small brands like Keto Naturals (whose revenue, even when combined with several other smaller brands, poses no threat to Hill’s bottom line) is far-fetched.

    To prevail in this case, they’ll need to provide substantial evidence that these events occurred and were intentional. Many statements in the legal filing appear akin to a toddler’s tantrum, which may not be taken seriously by a judge.

    Keto Natural Pet Food attributes its stagnant growth to the DCM “scheme” allegedly orchestrated by Hill’s Pet Nutrition and its purported co-conspirators, overlooking the simple fact that there may just not be much interest in Keto Dog Food among consumers.

    The popularity of the human Keto diet trend is waning as people become more aware of the health risks associated with extreme and restrictive diets. It’s logical to assume that a boutique pet food company attempting to capitalize on this trend would face challenges, regardless of external factors.

    1 2

    With many things in the world of pet food, there are two sides.

    On one side, there’s the often anti-science “holistic” faction, advocating for what they view as a more “natural” approach. Unfortunately, many adherents to this philosophy regularly undermine the credibility of experts and engage in the propagation of conspiracy theories. This side stands firmly with Keto Naturals, as for years they have shared the same unsubstantiated arguments that he does.

    On the other side, there’s the pro-veterinary research faction, committed to uncovering the truth through scientific methods, diligent peer-reviewed research, and evidence-based practices.

    It will be interesting to see how this shakes out, but for now, I’m choosing to continue standing with science.

    Disclaimer: The information provided regarding the KetoNatural Pet Foods Inc. vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. lawsuit is for informational purposes only. We are not legal professionals, and any information presented is a journalistic interpretation and should not be construed as legal advice. Additionally, our site is not affiliated with, or funded by the FDA, Hill’s Science Diet, or Veterinary Researchers.

    Footnotes

    1. Diet culture is rooted in racism, white supremacy, and colonialism, Marisa Crane
      BS       ↩︎
    2. Ketogenic diet: What are the risks? U.C. Davis. Natalie Helms ↩︎
    3. Cridge H, Lim SY, Algül H, Steiner JM. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice. J Vet Intern Med. 2022 May;36(3):847-864. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16437. Epub 2022 May 12. PMID: 35546513; PMCID: PMC9151489. ↩︎
    4. Freeman, L. M., Stern, J. A., Fries, R., Adin, D. B., & Rush, J. E. (2018). Diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: what do we know?. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(11), 1390-1394. Retrieved Feb 13, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.253.11.1390 ↩︎
    5. Daniel Schulof Demand Letter to the AVMA, January 26th, 2019 ↩︎
    6. Keto Naturals Inc. vs. Hill’s Science Diet Inc. Class Action Lawsuit Document ↩︎
    7. FDA Investigating Potential Connection Between Diet and Cases of Canine Heart Disease ↩︎
    8. Questions & Answers: FDA’s Work on Potential Causes of Non-Hereditary DCM in Dogs ↩︎
    9. Owens EJ, LeBlanc NL, Freeman LM, Scollan KF. Comparison of echocardiographic measurements and cardiac biomarkers in healthy dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets. J Vet Intern Med. 2023; 37(1): 37-46. doi:10.1111/jvim.16606 ↩︎
    10. All Trades DVM DCM Timeline ↩︎
  • The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    The pet community has jumped head-first into yet another social-media-fueled panic about certain pet food brands. Once again, misinformation is spreading, rampantly! The now-closed Hill’s Science Diet Recall 1 for Vitamin D has been brought up by concerned pet parents and influencers as “proof” of a bigger problem, and I wanted more information.

    A Facebook group, led by a pet owner who claims to have been the lead plaintiff in (and “won”) the lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet, utilizes its platform to advocate for raw and “natural” diets for pets.

    The group actively discourages members from trusting veterinarians and feeding kibble, likening it to “playing Russian Roulette with your pet“. They openly criticize brands like Hill’s, Purina, and Royal Canin, alleging they contain fillers and toxins that primarily serve the companies’ financial interests.

    That was a mouthful, but it’s important in the context of this story.

    This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Hill’s vitamin D recall, including the reasons behind the recall and why it may have been blown out of proportion.

    • Hill’s Science Diet Recall information
    • The Hill’s Class Action Lawsuit for Vitamin D (and how it was resolved)
    • How many pets were harmed by Hill’s Science Diet
    • How many pets died because of Hill’s Vitamin D Recall
    • Pet food manufacturing quality control
    Hill's Science Diet Recall

    Background on Hill’s Pet Nutrition

    Hill’s Pet Nutrition is a well-established brand known for producing premium pet foods, including heavily researched therapeutic “prescription” diets recommended by veterinarians for various health conditions. With an average 2023 revenue of over $4 Billion U.S.D., they are a major player in the pet food market.

    The company invests significantly in state-of-the-art research facilities. It employs a team of veterinarians, veterinary nutritionists, and scientists dedicated to advancing the understanding of pet health and nutrition.

    One of Hill’s most notable research facilities is the Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center in Topeka, Kansas.

    This cutting-edge facility spans over 80 acres and is equipped with laboratories and top-of-the-line animal housing areas where humane controlled feeding studies are conducted.

    Few brands meet this commitment to research and the advancement of nutrition.

    While it does elevate them above many other pet food brands, this doesn’t make Hill’s Science Diet exempt from mistakes.

    6

    The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    In January 2019, Hill’s Pet Nutrition received a complaint about possible Vitamin D toxicity in a dog that had eaten Hill’s canned dog food.

    Hill’s Science Diet investigated and then quickly alerted the FDA that they were issuing a voluntary recall of select canned dog foods due to elevated levels of vitamin D.

    A recall was issued on January 31st, 2019.

    “Following that recall, we conducted a detailed review of all canned dog foods potentially impacted by the vitamin premix with elevated levels of vitamin D. This review included: analyzing consumer complaints; reviewing veterinarian medical consultations; auditing our supplier; and reviewing our own manufacturing and quality procedures. We then did additional product testing to ensure we had taken all appropriate action.“

    Hill’s Science Diet Press Release

    Hill’s indicates in their press release that a “limited number of complaints” came in. Not thousands.

    Elevated levels of vitamin D2 can lead to potential health issues in pets, including symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, excessive drooling, and weight loss. In some cases, it can lead to death.

    A pet’s size and overall health affect its capacity to metabolize excessive amounts of Vitamin D.

    Following the initial recall, the FDA requested that Hill’s Science Diet conduct testing on their retention samples. Retention samples refer to portions of each production lot that are retained at the testing facility in the event of any potential issues arising.

    “Testing leading up to the January recall and the March and May recall expansions found that samples of the dog food contained excessive, potentially toxic amounts of vitamin D.”

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

    Of course, this is a scenario that should never happen, however, it did. There is no disputing that Hill’s Science Diet distributed contaminated food and that some dogs were made sick by it.

    I’ll dig into that more, below.

    7

    Hill’s Science Diet Recall Timeline

    Here is a timeline of events related to the vitamin D recall:

    January 2019 – Hill’s Science Diet Received a report of a pet sick with possible Vitamin D toxicity

    January 30th, 2019 – DSM Nutritional Products, the supplier of the vitamin pre-mix used in Hill’s Science Diet, issued a recall for the ingredient3. A single employee had included an extra drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the mix.

    January 31st, 2019 – Hill’s Pet Nutrition Voluntarily Recalls Select Canned Dog Food4 for Excessive Vitamin D.

    February 1st, 2019 – The FDA started inspections of the pet food manufacturing facility.

    February 2019 – A media frenzy ensued, with countless pet owners anecdotally reporting on social media that their pet had been sick from eating Hill’s Science Diet of all kinds (including kibble) up to a year prior. (This is reminiscent of the questionable 2023-2024 “Purina Panic”).

    Many of these reports lacked solid evidence, as pet owners attributed various ailments without providing full context.

    February 11th, 2019 – One lawsuit of many, Bone et. al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. et. al.5 1:19-cv-00831 is filed. The text of the lawsuit indicates a belief that “As a result of online consumer complaints, Hill’s thus knew or should have known of the elevated vitamin D levels in the Specialty Dog Foods by at least February of 2018.”

    The lawsuit alleges that Hill’s Science Diet knowingly sold toxic food for an extended period, including dry pet foods that were not part of the recall. The plaintiffs claim their evidence for this assertion stems from anecdotal consumer reports observed on social media.

    February 11th, 2019 – The FDA tested two samples of Hills Prescription Diet Digestive Care i/d Low Fat (SKU Number 10423). The results showed:

    Lot code T1911124 3912 had: 100,170 to 107,282 IU/kg of vitamin D

    Lot code T1911125 3912, had 102,829 to 102,346 IU/kg of vitamin D

    Scientific literature suggests that concentrations exceeding 4,000 IU/kg of dry matter can induce symptoms, with higher levels correlating with more severe health problems and the potential for death.

    There is no question that some pets were harmed by this.

    March 20, 2019 – The recall is expanded to include additional formulas, following the testing of retention samples. Some of those formulas had not yet been distributed, and thus, posed no harm to pets.

    Hill’s Science Diet states that they have “received a limited number of complaints of pet illness related to some of these products.”

    May 17, 2019 – An additional lot code is added to the recall list when it was discovered to have been left off the March recall in error.

    All told, one source I found indicated that 86 total lots of 33 varieties of Hill’s Canned Pet Foods were recalled.

    That’s 675,000 cases—or 13.5 million cans

    November 2019 – A warning letter from the FDA nailed Hill’s Science Diet for failing to follow Hazard and Risk-Analysis prevention.

    “During our inspection of your facility, FDA Investigators noted violations of the Hazard Analysis and Risk- Based Preventive Controls requirements for animal food found in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 507, subpart C (21 CFR part 507, subpart C).“

    FDA Warning Letter to Hill’s Science Diet, November, 20196

    Some, but not all of the foods were part of the “prescription” line. No dry food or treats were affected.

    The Hill’s Vitamin D Recall was terminated on 12/21/2021, indicating that the company had responded satisfactorily and that there was no more threat to pet health.

    Hill’s Science Diet made some major errors leading up to the recall.

    21

    How Did Hill’s Science Diet End Up With Too Much Vitamin D?

    The manufacturing process involves the addition of specific vitamins and minerals to ensure the nutritional balance of the pet food.

    The elevated levels of vitamin D in Hill’s Science Diet products during the recall were attributed to a supplier error in the vitamin pre-mix that was used. 7

    A pre-mix should contain the correct levels of each nutrient, however, in this case, something was wrong.

    An Employee at DSM Nutrition Products, the maker of the vitamin package used by Hill’s Science Diet pet food, had supposedly poured a drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the batch of pre-mix.

    Veterinary Information Network8

    How Hill’s Science Diet specifically missed the elevated vitamin in numerous lots remains to be understood. Understandably, this has caused many pet parents and veterinarians to lose trust in the company.

    Regrettably, pet owners are left to speculate, and the speculations propagated by influencers and bloggers in this field have led to significant levels of panic, fear, and misinformation regarding the topic.

    Hill’s Science Diet asserts that they have revised their criteria for third-party ingredient suppliers and have enforced more rigorous testing and safety standards internally. The issue should never have happened and Hill’s Science Diet deserves some fallout from the veterinary and pet community.

    As with many things like this, however, there is no proof of an ongoing, or widespread issue involving “thousands of deaths”.

    12

    How Many Pets Were Harmed by the Hill’s Vitamin D Recall?

    The exact number of pets affected by the Hill’s Vitamin D recall is challenging to ascertain.

    While Hill’s initially reported receiving complaints related to approximately 0.1% of their product volume, the actual number of pets harmed remains uncertain.

    Pet owners across various regions reported instances of illness and, tragically, some deaths potentially linked to elevated Vitamin D levels in Hill’s pet food. Many claim, online, to have experienced harm up to a year before the recall. Certain people outright blamed any foods in Hill’s product line, including cat food and kibbles that were not part of the recall.

    However, without comprehensive reporting mechanisms or centralized data collection, determining the precise extent of harm inflicted on pets is difficult.

    There is no published proof that excessive levels of Vitamin D harmed or killed “thousands of pets” as is commonly reported.

    Hill’s Science Diet addressed complaints and, upon receiving evidence from pet owners such as purchase receipts and veterinary records, willingly covered veterinary expenses related to any verifiable illnesses attributed to their products.

    Several unverifiable online reports assert that certain individuals were “offered only $5 or $10 coupons as compensation for their pet’s demise.” It is reasonable to surmise that these individuals may have lacked evidence substantiating their assertion that Hill’s food was responsible for their pet’s health issues.

    In simpler terms, there is a possibility that they attributed the issues to food not included in the recall, had no veterinary records, or their pet’s records indicated a conflicting diagnosis unrelated to the food in question. Hill’s Science Diet pet food doesn’t have a responsibility to pay veterinary bills for those people.

    Author’s Note: If you suspect your pet has been made sick by food, especially if there is a recall of that food, see a veterinarian! Get a diagnosis showing that the food caused your pet’s health condition. Save the food in its original container, and report your case to both the manufacturer and the FDA.

    Avoid online speculation and at-home diagnosis, as these things are hard to receive compensation for if damages are legitimately due.

    Some pet owners with verifiable claims declined to receive assistance and compensation from Hill’s and instead, filed lawsuits (35 of which were combined into a single class action that resulted in a settlement. More on this below).

    At its core, the class-action settlement did little more than award some lawyers a payment of cash, and worse, delayed pet owners receiving payment to cover their veterinary expenses.

    What’s more, there is no proof that any of the more egregious claims made by the lawsuits (such as Hill’s “knowingly” selling contaminated food and hiding the truth from consumers) were true.

    1

    The Bone vs. Hill’s Lawsuit

    As mentioned earlier, one of the plaintiffs involved in Hill’s Class Action lawsuit surrounding the vitamin D incident has become a significant influencer in the world of Holistic pet care.

    Her 13-year-old dog Duncan was suffering from pancreatitis when her veterinarian recommended a Hill’s diet to help with his symptoms. Pancreatitis is a common condition with a range of causes, including poor diet, obesity, genetics, and certain medications.

    The diet she fed to alleviate his pancreatitis symptoms was recalled two weeks after her dog died. Her veterinarian said that his enzymes were elevated, but not enough to kill him. Despite this, his health declined quickly and he was put to sleep. She had a very valid claim against the Hill’s food, as it likely contributed to his early death.

    His owner sought a minimum of $13,500 to cover her veterinary bills and the cost of replacing him with a new service dog. I was unable to determine how much of the final settlement she received.

    According to her lawsuit, which was filed jointly with two other plaintiffs who had legitimate claims against the food itself, she asserted a belief that Hill’s Science Diet was aware of the excessive vitamin D in the product and had delayed initiating a recall.

    Here is an excerpt from her lawsuit against the company, outlining one of the claims for which she sought damages:

    “Dogs that consumed Hill’s products which are not yet part of the recall are exhibiting symptoms of vitamin D toxicity. For example, Plaintiffs have heard complaints from a number of consumers whose dogs ate dry dog food (rather than canned dog food) sold under the Hill’s Prescription Diet and Science Diet brand names and who reported that their dogs’ symptoms are consistent with vitamin D toxicity. Thus, it appears that Hill’s has recalled only a subset of its affected Specialty Dog Foods.”

    From Bone et. al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. et. al.

    This assertion lacks concrete evidence, relying solely on unsubstantiated information gathered through social media platforms. It necessitates readers to assume that both the FDA and Hill’s Science Diet were intentionally concealing a known problem and that they didn’t investigate claims.

    When you hear people say that “Hill’s dragged their feet” or “waited 6 months to recall contaminated food“, this is where that information is coming from.

    However, without a court judgment, verifiable proof, or official statements from credible sources, such claims remain speculative and should be approached with caution.

    The plaintiff-turned-influencer often claims to have “won her case” against Hill’s, but the truth is that her lawsuit, along with others similar to hers, were consolidated into a single case. That class-action suit (more info below) ultimately led to a settlement agreed upon by both parties, not a judgment.

    Additionally, the judge ruled that her claims related to dog and cat food not covered in the settlement were excluded. She did not “win” this part of her argument.

    “The cat and dry dog food-related claims included in Bone, et al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., et al., No. 19-CV-02284-JAR-TJJ, are expressly excluded from this Settlement”

    Hill’s Class Action Settlement

    That was several years ago now (2021), and there is no evidence to suggest that she has pursued these claims in a new lawsuit, let alone one with a viable argument supported by fair and verifiable evidence.

    8

    The Hill’s Class Action Settlement of $12.5 Million

    Several smaller lawsuits, including Bone v. Hill’s, were combined into one class action, which led to a settlement.

    A settlement in a class action lawsuit refers to an agreement reached between the parties involved in the case, typically the plaintiffs (representing a class of individuals) and the defendant (usually a company or entity). This agreement resolves the legal dispute without the need for a trial.

    As outlined in this court document9, the lawsuit progressed through legal channels, eventually culminating in an agreement between the parties involved. The settlement, valued at $12.5 million, aimed to provide financial relief to affected pet owners and underscored Hill’s Pet Nutrition’s acknowledgment of its responsibility in the matter.

    The settlement funds were allocated to reimburse pet owners for veterinary expenses related to the recall and to provide refunds for the purchase of the recalled products.

    4 million dollars of the settlement were allocated towards legal fees and counsel.

    In a settlement, all representing parties must agree to the terms.

    Thus, the plaintiffs agreed to accept a $12.5 million payout to satisfy the harm done to their pets by Hill’s mistake.

    While some may argue that the settlement amount is insufficient, it’s important to note that without evidence of additional harm, Hill’s couldn’t be deemed accountable.

    Two members of the class action formerly objected to the settlement. One of them failed to both substantiate her claim and submit a timely objection (Swaim), while the other (Hawley) was overruled with the following commentary:

    “While a class member may wish to receive an unlimited amount of money from a settlement, that wish does not make the settlement unfair, inadequate, or unreasonable.”

    https://www.classaction.org/media/bone-et-al-v-hills-pet-nutrition-inc-et-al.pdf

    Anyone can make a claim or initiate a lawsuit, but only those supported by credible evidence can substantiate their case. Anecdotal online reports, lacking concrete proof, do not constitute evidence.

    12 1

    Purina Dog Food & Viral Social Panic

    This is the same thing we are seeing play out yet again with Purina in 2023-2024. A single, since-debunked viral post of heavy metals in the food sparked a public outcry where thousands of pet owners began claiming that Purina food harmed their pets.

    A considerable number of pets reportedly affected by Purina dog and cat food did not receive veterinary care, and if they did, their diagnoses were unrelated to food-related issues.

    Calls for recalls and class action lawsuits gained momentum as individuals initiated these actions based on their at-home diagnoses, attributing their pets’ conditions to the food. They don’t have toxicology reports or proof of these claims, and multiple laboratory results showed that their claims were without merit.

    The outcry is isolated to members of the social media group that is, of course, run by the “former Plaintiff from the Hill’s Recall that won her case“.

    While we can understand and empathize with her heartache, it’s important to note that there is a lot more to this story.

    5

    Notable Vitamin D Recalls in Pet Food

    Several other pet food brands have faced recalls for elevated levels of vitamin D in their products, contributing to a broader concern within the pet food industry.

    Some notable brands that have issued recalls for vitamin D include:

    1. Sunshine Mills: In November 2018, Sunshine Mills, Inc. (Evolve, Sportsman’s Pride, Triumph) issued a voluntary recall 10 of several varieties of dog foods due to elevated levels of vitamin D, which were potentially harmful to pets.
    2. Nutrisca: In December 2018, Nutrisca issued a voluntary recall 11 of its dry dog food products due to elevated levels of vitamin D, which could cause health issues in pets. The recall was later expanded.12
    3. Lidl (Orlando brand): In April 2019, Lidl, as part of an expansion of the Sunshine Mills recall, recalled specific lots of its Orlando brand Grain-Free Chicken13 & Chickpea Superfood Recipe Dog Food due to elevated levels of vitamin D.
    4. Simply Nourish: In August 2021 Simply Nourish recalled 51,000 packages of frozen dog food14, due to excess vitamin D.
    5. Fromm Family Foods: In October 2021, Fromm Family Foods issued a voluntary recall of select canned dog food products15 due to elevated levels of vitamin D. The affected products included certain 12 oz. cans of Fromm Gold Chicken Pate Dog Food and Fromm Gold Salmon & Chicken Pate Dog Food.
    6. Nutrisource: In October 2021, Nutrisource (Tuffy’s) Pet Food issued a voluntary recall 16for certain lots of Pura Vita Tetra Pak Dog food.
    7. Purina Pro Plan Elemental: In February 2023, Purina voluntarily recalled some of their EL Elemental17 prescription dry food for elevated levels of Vitamin D.

    This leads us to the question of “why”?

    Pet food companies have a responsibility to ensure the safety and quality of their products through rigorous testing and monitoring protocols. Vitamin D levels, like other essential nutrients, must be carefully controlled during the manufacturing process to prevent potential health risks to pets.

    Some smaller pet food companies have questionable testing protocols, and may easily overlook something like this (hence the reason that “no recalls” is not always a positive thing).

    For large companies that produce food for millions of pets and perform thousands of quality checks each day during production, bigger questions arise about how something like that goes overlooked.

    Typically, it’s an issue with the ingredient at the supplier level. We saw this with the Pentobarbital recalls and the melamine recalls, too.

    That doesn’t make it ok, though. Call your pet food companies! Ask them what testing they do on the ingredients before, during, and after production. Find out if they manufacture their food, or outsource it to a large co-packing facility where they have less control over the final product.

    Ongoing pressure from pet owners, as well as research and development efforts, can further enhance quality control measures, ensuring continuous improvement in pet food safety standards.

    4

    Was the Hill’s Vitamin D Issue Blown Out of Proportion?

    While any product recall can understandably cause concern among consumers, some argue that Hill’s vitamin D recall may have been blown out of proportion for several reasons:

    Limited Impact

    The recall affected specific varieties of canned dog foods (around 4% of the product line), and the vast majority of Hill’s products were not implicated. There are no verifiable reports of harm from other products.

    While there may have been many pets affected in some way by the excess Vitamin D, their symptoms would have resolved when they were no longer fed the contaminated food. Ideally, those pet parents submitted claims to Hill’s Science Diet or participated in the lawsuit as a means to recover their veterinary bills.

    Some pets may have suffered fatalities directly linked to the contaminated canned food; however, there is no documented evidence supporting the notion of widespread harm.

    While acknowledging the inexcusable nature of the deaths of those pets, it is essential to base our understanding on verifiable facts and comprehensive data rather than anecdotal reports to form a clear and accurate assessment of the overall impact of the situation.

    Lack of Proof

    While various claims have circulated regarding the supposed harm to pets and perceived deficiencies in Hill’s Science Diet’s management of the food recall, it’s imperative to underscore the absence of verified evidence backing the idea of widespread harm or negligence.

    Many blogs and influencers have crafted a narrative that may amplify concerns, yet it’s essential to approach these accounts critically and rely on concrete evidence rather than anecdotal information.

    Without substantiated facts, it’s challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the extent of harm or any alleged negligence in this matter. I encourage readers to maintain a balanced perspective and rely on credible sources for a comprehensive understanding of the situation.

    Proactive Measures

    Rather than downplaying the issue, Hill’s did take proactive measures to address the manufacturing error and ensure the safety of pets consuming their products.

    While this issue should have never happened in the first place, Hill’s Science Diet did take steps to remedy the problem and change the practices that led to it happening.

    Understandably, some people may doubt the sincerity of those measures taken by Hill’s Science Diet. However, despite any skepticism, sales of Hill’s Science Diet have consistently increased each year.

    This upward trend suggests that consumers and veterinarians place their trust in the brand. This continued patronage could stem from various factors, including the brand’s long-standing reputation, quality assurance measures, and effective communication efforts regarding product safety and improvements.

    Ultimately, the sustained growth in sales reflects a level of confidence and satisfaction among consumers and veterinary professionals with Hill’s Science Diet products.

    In my view, I would confidently choose to feed Hill’s Science Diet, particularly after the thorough research conducted for this blog post. The process revealed several misconceptions I previously held about the entire situation. I feel a sense of relief about this now, and I hope that my reporting helps others do the same.

    Disclaimer: This blog post provides a general overview of Hill’s class action lawsuit and should not be construed as legal advice. For specific legal inquiries or concerns, please consult with a qualified attorney.

    Footnotes

    1. “FDA Alerts Pet Owners and Veterinarians About Potentially Toxic Levels of Vitamin D in 33 Varieties of Hill’s Canned Dog Food in Expanded Recall” ↩︎
    2. FDA Vitamin D Toxicity in Dogs ↩︎
    3. DSM Nutritional Products Recalls Vitamin Pre-Mix Used in Hill’s Pet Food ↩︎
    4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “Hill’s Pet Nutrition Voluntarily Recalls Select Canned Dog Food for Excessive Vitamin D.” FDA.gov ↩︎
    5. Bone vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Lawsuit ↩︎
    6. FDA Warning Letter to Hill’s Science Diet, November 2019 ↩︎
    7. Hill’s Science Diet Press Release “2019 Voluntary Canned Dog Food Recall: United States” ↩︎
    8. Veterinary Information Network: “Supplier identified in Hill’s pet food vitamin D-related recalls” ↩︎
    9. Hill’s Class Action Settlement Case No. 2:19-md-02887-JAR-TJJ ↩︎
    10. “Sunshine Mills, Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    11. “Nutrisca Issues Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    12. Nutrisca “Natural Life Pet Products Expands Recall of Dry Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    13. “In Association With Sunshine Mills, LIDL Voluntarily Recalls Orlando Brand Grain Free Chicken & Chickpea Superfood Recipe Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    14. “Wet Noses Natural Dog Treat Company® Voluntarily Recalls Simply Nourish Brand Frozen Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    15. “Fromm Family Foods Voluntarily Recalls Four Star Shredded Entrée Canned Food for Dogs Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    16. “Tuffy’s Pet Foods; Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of a Limited Quantity of Pure Vita Salmon Entrée Dog Food in a Tetrapak Carton Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    17. “Nestlé Purina Petcare Company Voluntarily Recalls Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets El Elemental Dry Dog Food in the U.S. Due to Potentially Elevated Vitamin D” ↩︎
  • I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Three

    I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Three

    Welcome to the third installment of my series uncovering the controversial and misleading aspects of the documentary “Pet Fooled.”

    In this chapter, I’m going explore the intricacies of pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and the rise of holistic pet food elitism.

    Join me as I dissect the narrative presented in “Pet Fooled,” aiming to separate fact from fiction and shed light on the complexities of pet nutrition.

    In case you missed it, I’ve linked Part One and Part TWO below!

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    Pet Fooled Recalls

    In Pet Fooled, the narrator digs into pet food recalls, in particular notable ones such as Pentobarbital (euthanasia drug) and Melamine, which I will cover in depth below.

    The narrator recounts the poignant narratives of several pet owners deeply entangled in legal proceedings linked to these specific incidents.

    While these issues in pet food are inexcusable, there have been many dangerous problems associated with raw pet food, too, including bacterial contamination, nutrient deficiencies, and high copper levels. 1

    Pet Fooled advocates for raw feeding as a solution to what it perceives as shortcomings and safety problems related to commercial pet food. The documentary suggests that raw diets, which typically consist of uncooked meat, bones, and organs, mimic the natural diet of wild animals and offer superior nutrition for pets.

    Consider Darwin’s raw food2 . This brand is promoted in the film as a safe food “free of pathogens”. Their use of a chemical called “PAA – Peroxyacetic Acid)” 3 is not approved for use in pet food, and the company is well-known for its blatant and public refusal to recall contaminated food.

    I believe the overriding theme here is that pet parents should be concerned about recalls and food manufacturing processes. However, Pet Fooled significantly neglects to address the substantial contributions of raw and boutique pet food brands to this issue.

    Here is a great video that covers the issues with Darwin’s Raw Pet Food in more detail:

    @erdvm

    Replying to @Renn an absolutely interesting read! I’ve pointed out in previous videos that many raw food companies want salmonella to be allowed in pet food…to the point of suing the organizations to allow it. Their argument is not all salmonella is pathogenic. But what happens when a prominent raw company tests positive for pathogenic salmonella? Turns out…nothing good. There may one day be studies about PAA in raw pet food that make this discussion a moot point. Unfortunately, until then this raw food company uses an unapproved product on their pet food, ignores calls to recall their food and misleads their consumers about pets falling ill.

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    The Melamine Pet Food Recall

    The melamine pet food recall of 2007 stands as one of the most significant incidents in the history of pet food safety.

    It originated when an ingredient manufacturer deliberately adulterated their products with melamine, a toxic chemical compound used in plastics and fertilizers. Melamine had been added to wheat gluten and rice protein concentrate to artificially inflate the protein content, making the products appear more nutritious.

    This ingredient was sold by the supplier for use in both human and pet foods. In other words, it was “human grade”.

    Tragically, this adulteration led to widespread contamination of pet food, affecting over 150 brands and resulting in the illness and death of many pets across the United States.

    The contamination was eventually traced back to suppliers in China, sparking a massive recall of pet food products by the FDA. 4

    The melamine pet food recall served as a wake-up call for the pet food industry, highlighting the importance of robust quality control measures, transparency in the supply chain, and regulatory oversight to ensure the safety and integrity of pet food products.

    Adulterants like melamine and pentobarbital should never be present in pet food. Because of this, pet food companies, unfortunately, may not have been previously aware of the need to test for these particular substances. There are thousands of potential contaminants that might affect any kind of food on the market, including fresh and raw.

    Pet Fooled portrays the melamine recall as evidence that commercial kibble pet food is inherently unsafe, while blatantly overlooking the crucial role that the recall ultimately played in enhancing the safety of pet food products.

    The melamine pet food recall happened 18 years ago at this point, and many changes have been made since that time. Many (though not all) pet food companies have overhauled their sourcing and ingredient testing protocols, and that’s a positive move in the right direction.

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    Pentobarbital Euthanasia Drug in Pet Food Recall

    The pentobarbital recall 5 refers to a series of incidents where, before the melamine recall, traces of pentobarbital, a euthanasia drug, were found in certain pet food products.

    This contamination, like the melamine one, had originated from a single supplier whose ingredients contaminated multiple brands of food manufactured by Smuckers and Evangers. Champion Pet Foods (the maker of Orijen/Acana) had also used the tainted ingredient, however, they chose not to recall it.

    Pentobarbital is sometimes used to euthanize animals, and its presence in pet food products raised questions about how it could have entered the supply chain. I covered this topic in depth, in an article titled “Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food”.6

    The FDA maintains a zero-tolerance policy for pentobarbital in pet food and contrary to what is implied in Pet Fooled, this is not an ongoing or concerning problem.

    Milo’s Chicken Jerky and Pet Fooled

    Pet Fooled also talks about the social frenzy surrounding Milo’s Chicken Jerky treats, which lasted nearly 6 years.

    The convergence of social media proliferation and heightened concerns about manufacturing processes and ingredient sourcing have created an ideal environment for pet owners to attribute illnesses to pet food and treats.

    We saw this play out again in 2023-2024 with the “Purina Panic”7, a now-debunked social media phenomenon that led to thousands of people blaming Purina and other kibble brands for their pets veterinary problems and deaths.

    A family highlighted in Pet Fooled attributed the death of their pet to Milo’s Chicken Jerky.

    However, their pet’s demise was actually due to a common condition known as “bloat” or “GDV” (gastric dilatation-volvulus), which affects large and giant breed dogs. This condition, often genetic, involves the dog’s stomach flipping, and the consumption of chicken jerky would have been unrelated to its occurrence in their pet.

    The FDA looked into the reports and complaints and found nothing wrong with Milo’s treats until 2013 when trace amounts of antibiotics were found. They were recalled again in 2018 for elevated levels of beef thyroid hormone.

    Neither of these contaminants would be associated with deaths or severe illness, and while both of those are inexcusable from a manufacturing standpoint, stories of widespread harm remain unproven.

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    Social Media & Its Role in Creating Panic

    In the aftermath of the Melamine recall, single instances of pet illness have repeatedly triggered widespread social media frenzies or specific brands and ingredients.

    This happens with human food, too. Just look at how anecdotal reports and unfounded public fears of MSG in food from Asian restaurants fueled both misinformation and racism.

    These social media frenzies often lead to rapid dissemination of information, with pet owners sharing anecdotes and experiences, often without full context or verification.

    Influencers jump in and leverage the panic to promote treatments, supplements, and alternatives.

    While it’s essential for pet owners to stay informed and advocate for their pets’ health, the proliferation of unverified information can also fuel unnecessary panic and misinformation.

    In many cases, a single story of illness can quickly snowball into widespread fear and distrust of specific pet food brands or ingredients.

    However, it’s important to approach such incidents critically and seek out reliable sources and evidence-based information before drawing conclusions or making decisions about pet nutrition.

    Pet Food Manufacturers Sourcing & Quality Control

    For pet owners rightfully concerned about the sourcing practices of pet food companies, the most effective approach is to inquire directly. Regrettably, misinformation often circulates implying that certain brands source all of their ingredients from low-quality suppliers or China.

    However, without thoroughly investigating each company’s actual practices, it’s challenging to ascertain the validity of such claims.

    As part of my ongoing commitment to finding the truth about pet food, I found this incredible document from Nestle Purina8, which outlines their responsible sourcing standard in depth. This document is a great example of what you want to see from a pet food company.

    As mentioned in part two, a demand for transparency is important. This demand must hold small boutique and raw pet food companies to the same standard.

    Here are some things pet parents can do:

    • Ask the brand how many quality checks are performed each day, across all stages of production.
    • Verify that the brand is keeping batch samples and lab testing the food often for nutrient levels and contamination.
    • Look into the company recall history, and determine if the recalls were a sign of due diligence and a commitment to pet safety, or if they signal a bigger problem with quality control.
    • Verify that the brand has multiple highly qualified food safety, nutrition research, veterinarians, and board-certified nutritionists on staff who stand behind the food because they put their hard-earned education, sweat, and tears into it.

    Dr. Em is a practicing veterinarian who posts science-backed information about pet health, including nutrition. This video on choosing pet food should provide valuable insight, and balance the often controversial and misleading content promoted by “Pet Fooled”.

    Veterinary Prescription Diets

    In “Pet Fooled,” veterinary prescription diets are subjected to scrutiny, with the documentary casting doubt on their formulation, marketing, and suitability for pets’ health needs.

    However, it’s essential to recognize that veterinary prescription diets are meticulously formulated to address specific health conditions in pets, such as kidney disease, urinary tract issues, and food allergies.

    These diets undergo rigorous testing and adhere to strict nutritional standards to ensure their efficacy and safety under veterinary supervision.

    While “Pet Fooled” may question the ingredients used in these diets, it’s important to understand that ingredients such as hydrolyzed proteins, novel proteins, and therapeutic additives serve specific therapeutic purposes and are recommended by veterinary professionals based on scientific evidence.

    Therefore, while the documentary may raise concerns about veterinary therapeutic diets, these concerns are only based on emotional reactions to the perceived “issues” with certain ingredients.

    Pet owners must consult with their veterinarians to determine the most appropriate diet for their pets’ individual health needs.

    Dr. Em hits it out of the park once again, with this phenomenal video debunking many common myths about veterinary prescription foods.

    Holistic Pet Food Elitism & Final Thoughts

    Holistic pet food elitism, as portrayed in various discussions and documentaries like “Pet Fooled,” revolves around the belief that select “premium” and minimally processed pet foods labeled as “holistic” or “natural” surpass conventional commercial pet diets.

    The implication is that opting for anything other than raw, homemade diets, or certain premium kibbles may be seen as providing lesser care for your pet.

    Echoing this sentiment, Dr. Becker asserts that feeding anything else amounts to “nutritional abuse.”

    However, “holistic” and “higher quality” foods often come with a hefty price tag, placing them beyond the means of many devoted pet parents. Worse, many of these “better” or more “holistic natural” diets are unbalanced, may cause nutritional heart disease, can be subjected to recalls, and may contain pathogens and bacteria.

    Science, and history, prove this.

    “Higher quality” foods are not immune to any of the problems implicated by the film. They aren’t a magic solution, nor is there any proof that they are inherently and always better.

    My point is to say that shaming pet parents for choosing the food they can afford to feed their pets is never ok.

    Unfortunately, Pet Fooled staked a claim on that belief and used their platform to shame millions of pet parents into feeding their pets potentially unbalanced and often unaffordable diets.

    There are many affordable, high-quality options out there and at Hello Danes, we will never, ever shame somebody for choosing a science-backed, well-studied food like Dog Chow.

    While “Pet Fooled” raised valid concerns about pet food safety and manufacturing practices, it opted to sensationalize information, fostering an elitist mindset surrounding pet food selection.

    Instead of promoting an informed and balanced discussion, “Pet Fooled” contributed to the polarization of perspectives on pet nutrition, hindering productive and science-backed dialogue on this important topic.

    It is for that reason that Pet Fooled gets a resounding thumbs down from me.

    Footnotes

    1. Copper in Pet Food and Liver Damage ↩︎
    2. Darwin’s Raw Food FDA Warning Letter ↩︎
    3. Peroxyacetic Acid, not generally recognized as safe, used to treat Darwin’s Raw Pet Food ↩︎
    4. Melamine Recall of 2007 FDA FAQ ↩︎
    5. Pet Food Recalled After Traces of Euthanasia Drug Found ↩︎
    6. Are there Euthanized Animals in Pet Food? ↩︎
    7. Is Purina Harming Pets? ↩︎
    8. Nestle Purina Responsible Sourcing Standard ↩︎